CH:08 Models Of Memory

Question 0

Declarative memory

Answer 0

A long term memory store of personal experiences (episodic) and facts (semantic)

Question 1

Central executive

Answer 1

The functional component of working memory that is responsible for switching attention from task to task, deciding what material is to be retrieved from, or committed to long term memory and for performing calculations and making linkages

Question 2

Chunking

Answer 2

The process of grasping items together to improve memory capacity - especially of short term memory, and of committing to long term memory

Question 3

Long term memory

Answer 3

Like the hardrive in my computer, it is where the information is stored and encoded, and as long as enough information is known (like the folder name) it can be retrieved

Question 4

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 4

A process in which we give meaning to information and link it to other information in our memories

Question 5

Episodic buffer

Answer 5

Helps retrieve information from LTM to associate with information that is in working memory, and to select and encode information into LTM

Question 6

Echoic memory

Answer 6

Auditory memory in the sensory memory register. 3-4 seconds

Question 7

Iconic memory

Answer 7

A sensory register for the fleeting storage of visual information. It lasts about 0.3 seconds. It explains why we can see a moving picture from a series of still photos

Question 8

Levels of processing model

Answer 8

A model of memory storage, which suggests that memory does not comprise of any specific number of memory stores but instead comprises of a continuous dimension in which memory is encoded. It is related to the ease at which it can be retrieved: the deeper the processing of information, the greater that chance of being retrieved

Question 9

Episodic memory

Answer 9

Memory of personal experiences

Question 10

Semantic network theory

Answer 10

The idea that items in long term memory is stored in a hierarchical pattern of nodes (concepts) with links between related nodes

Question 11

Phonological loop

Answer 11

A storage system for auditory information in working memory

Question 12

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 12

The storage system for visual information in working memory

Question 13

Sensory memory

Answer 13

According to the multi-store model of memory, the sensory memory is the store for incoming, fleeting sensory information. Unlimited memory for 0.2 - 3 seconds

Question 14

Procedural memory

Answer 14

One aspect of implicit memory. Memory for how to perform particular tasks, skills or actions

Question 15

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 15

A strategy for keeping information in short term memory or for moving it into long-term memory by simply repeating information over and over, but not trying to form meaningful connection between the new information and other information which is already in memory

Question 16

Short term memory

Answer 16

According to the multi-store model of memory, the short term memory is a store which receivs information from the longer term and sensory stores; it has a limited capacity of 7+ or - 2 pieces of information, and a duration of approx. 12 - 30 seconds

Question 17

Multi store model of memory

Answer 17

Describes the three stores of memory - sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory - and how they interact with each other

Question 18

Structural encoding

Answer 18

Encoding according to the physical features of the words to be remembered, long or short, starts with a consonant or a vowel, upper case or lower case

Question 19

Semantic memory

Answer 19

Long term memory storage of facts that are not characterised by any particular personal contact in which the individual acquired facts. Semantic memories are general knowledge, for example knowing that Canberra is the capital of Australia

Question 20

Phonemic encoding

Answer 20

Encoding according to the sound of the word - e.g by finding a rhyme or rhythm

Question 21

Working memory

Answer 21

The mental work that is occurring at any one time, including retrieving information, problem solving, and comprehending sounds and visions
working memory draws information form your sensory and long-term memory

Question 22

Serial position effect

Answer 22

In immediate free recall, items at the beginning or at the end of a list are remembered better than those in the middle. The serial positioning effect comprises the primacy and recency effect

Question 23

Encoding

Answer 23

The process of putting information into a form which will allow it to fit in with your personal storage system

Question 24

Storage

Answer 24

Keeping information in the brain so that we can use it later on

Question 25

Retrieval

Answer 25

The process of getting information back from memory so that we can use it.