CH:08 Models Of Memory Flashcards
Declarative memory
A long term memory store of personal experiences (episodic) and facts (semantic)
Central executive
The functional component of working memory that is responsible for switching attention from task to task, deciding what material is to be retrieved from, or committed to long term memory and for performing calculations and making linkages
Chunking
The process of grasping items together to improve memory capacity - especially of short term memory, and of committing to long term memory
Long term memory
Like the hardrive in my computer, it is where the information is stored and encoded, and as long as enough information is known (like the folder name) it can be retrieved
Elaborative rehearsal
A process in which we give meaning to information and link it to other information in our memories
Episodic buffer
Helps retrieve information from LTM to associate with information that is in working memory, and to select and encode information into LTM
Echoic memory
Auditory memory in the sensory memory register. 3-4 seconds
Iconic memory
A sensory register for the fleeting storage of visual information. It lasts about 0.3 seconds. It explains why we can see a moving picture from a series of still photos
Levels of processing model
A model of memory storage, which suggests that memory does not comprise of any specific number of memory stores but instead comprises of a continuous dimension in which memory is encoded. It is related to the ease at which it can be retrieved: the deeper the processing of information, the greater that chance of being retrieved
Episodic memory
Memory of personal experiences
Semantic network theory
The idea that items in long term memory is stored in a hierarchical pattern of nodes (concepts) with links between related nodes
Phonological loop
A storage system for auditory information in working memory
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
The storage system for visual information in working memory
Sensory memory
According to the multi-store model of memory, the sensory memory is the store for incoming, fleeting sensory information. Unlimited memory for 0.2 - 3 seconds
Procedural memory
One aspect of implicit memory. Memory for how to perform particular tasks, skills or actions
Maintenance rehearsal
A strategy for keeping information in short term memory or for moving it into long-term memory by simply repeating information over and over, but not trying to form meaningful connection between the new information and other information which is already in memory
Short term memory
According to the multi-store model of memory, the short term memory is a store which receivs information from the longer term and sensory stores; it has a limited capacity of 7+ or - 2 pieces of information, and a duration of approx. 12 - 30 seconds
Multi store model of memory
Describes the three stores of memory - sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory - and how they interact with each other
Structural encoding
Encoding according to the physical features of the words to be remembered, long or short, starts with a consonant or a vowel, upper case or lower case
Semantic memory
Long term memory storage of facts that are not characterised by any particular personal contact in which the individual acquired facts. Semantic memories are general knowledge, for example knowing that Canberra is the capital of Australia
Phonemic encoding
Encoding according to the sound of the word - e.g by finding a rhyme or rhythm
Working memory
The mental work that is occurring at any one time, including retrieving information, problem solving, and comprehending sounds and visions
working memory draws information form your sensory and long-term memory
Serial position effect
In immediate free recall, items at the beginning or at the end of a list are remembered better than those in the middle. The serial positioning effect comprises the primacy and recency effect
Encoding
The process of putting information into a form which will allow it to fit in with your personal storage system
Storage
Keeping information in the brain so that we can use it later on
Retrieval
The process of getting information back from memory so that we can use it.
