CH 12 - Solids Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms in a solid that are arranged in a certain way called?

A

Crystal

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2
Q

Metals, salts, and most materials here on Earth can be described as

A

Crystalline

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3
Q

The crystalline form of carbon

A

Diamonds

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4
Q

Solids that do not have their atoms arranged in a certain way called

A

Amorphous solids or non-crystalline

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5
Q

Amorphous solids are distributed

A

Randomly

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6
Q

Examples of amorphous solids

A

Rubber, glass and plastic

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7
Q

Three bonds between atoms

A

Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.

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8
Q

Can ionic bonds be separated?

A

No.

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9
Q

Can a Covalent bond be spectated?

A

Yes

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10
Q

The properties of a solid are dependent upon

A

The kind of bonds that exists between the atoms.

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11
Q

Density

A

The amount of mass per unit volume of a material.

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12
Q

Density formula

A

Density = mass / volume

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13
Q

Density depends on

A

The mass of the atoms and the spacing between the atoms.

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14
Q

Elasticity

A

An object that undergoes changes in shape and/or size.

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15
Q

A body’s elasticity is a measured by

A

how much it changes when force is exerted on it and how well it returns to its original shape.

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16
Q

Inelastic

A

Materials that do not return to their original shape.

17
Q

Hooke’s law

A

A spring thats stretched is directly proportional to the force applied to it.

18
Q

Elastic limit

A

the distance beyond which permanent distortion occurs is the elastic limit

19
Q

Hooke’s law is only true as long as the force

A

Does not stretch or compress the material beyond its elastic limit.

20
Q

tension

A

When something is pulled

21
Q

compression

A

When it is squashed

22
Q

I–beam

A

A beam with a cross-section shaped as the letter I.

23
Q

With I-beams the middle of the beam that is not under stress has the least material.

A

Minimizes weight

24
Q

With I-beams the top and bottom have the most material which

A

Maximizes strength

25
Q

Arches

A

Arches take advantage of thecapacity of stone to withstandcompression.

26
Q

Catenary

A

When the arch is supporting its own strength, the curve that gives it maximum strength

27
Q

dome

A

An arch rotated around 360 degrees is a dome.

28
Q

Which is more dense – a 24k gold ring or a 24k ton of gold?

A

Both are made of the same material, so both have the same density

29
Q

When something is squished which physical quantity changes?

A

Density

30
Q

When something is squished which physical quantity does NOT change?

A

Mass

31
Q

Which is more elastic—steel or rubber?

A

Steel regains its original shape much better than rubber after the force is removed.