CH 12 - Solids Flashcards
Atoms in a solid that are arranged in a certain way called?
Crystal
Metals, salts, and most materials here on Earth can be described as
Crystalline
The crystalline form of carbon
Diamonds
Solids that do not have their atoms arranged in a certain way called
Amorphous solids or non-crystalline
Amorphous solids are distributed
Randomly
Examples of amorphous solids
Rubber, glass and plastic
Three bonds between atoms
Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.
Can ionic bonds be separated?
No.
Can a Covalent bond be spectated?
Yes
The properties of a solid are dependent upon
The kind of bonds that exists between the atoms.
Density
The amount of mass per unit volume of a material.
Density formula
Density = mass / volume
Density depends on
The mass of the atoms and the spacing between the atoms.
Elasticity
An object that undergoes changes in shape and/or size.
A body’s elasticity is a measured by
how much it changes when force is exerted on it and how well it returns to its original shape.
Inelastic
Materials that do not return to their original shape.
Hooke’s law
A spring thats stretched is directly proportional to the force applied to it.
Elastic limit
the distance beyond which permanent distortion occurs is the elastic limit
Hooke’s law is only true as long as the force
Does not stretch or compress the material beyond its elastic limit.
tension
When something is pulled
compression
When it is squashed
I–beam
A beam with a cross-section shaped as the letter I.
With I-beams the middle of the beam that is not under stress has the least material.
Minimizes weight
With I-beams the top and bottom have the most material which
Maximizes strength
Arches
Arches take advantage of thecapacity of stone to withstandcompression.
Catenary
When the arch is supporting its own strength, the curve that gives it maximum strength
dome
An arch rotated around 360 degrees is a dome.
Which is more dense – a 24k gold ring or a 24k ton of gold?
Both are made of the same material, so both have the same density
When something is squished which physical quantity changes?
Density
When something is squished which physical quantity does NOT change?
Mass
Which is more elastic—steel or rubber?
Steel regains its original shape much better than rubber after the force is removed.
