CH 11 - The auto mic nature of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

The term ‘atomos’ was coined by?

A

Democritus. It meant ‘uncuttable’ or ‘the smallest indivisible particle of matter’.

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2
Q

5 Characteristics of Atoms was who’s theory?

A

John dalton (1800s)

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3
Q

Which one of Dalton’s atomic points is not true today?

A
  1. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
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4
Q

What is Avagrado’s number?

A

Avogadros number: The numer in atomes in a mole(6.02x10^23)

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5
Q

What are Moles?

A

Moles: helps to count molecules. Know as the molar quantity.

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6
Q

In the nucleus positive or neutral nucleons all have the same?

A

Mass.

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7
Q

What does an atom’s nucleus contain?

A

the atom’s mass.

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8
Q

What is smaller than atoms?

A

Electrons

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9
Q

Positive nucleons are called?

A

protons

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10
Q

Neutral nucleons are called?

A

neutrons

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11
Q

Electrons determine the atom’s

A

the atom’s size.

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12
Q

How many points are there in Dalton’s atomic theory

A

5

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13
Q

Point one of Dalton’s atomic theory:

A
  1. Elements are made of atoms.
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14
Q

Point two of Dalton’s atomic theory:

A
  1. Atoms of an element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.
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15
Q

Point three of Dalton’s atomic theory:

A
  1. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
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16
Q

Point four of Dalton’s atomic theory:

A
  1. Atoms of different elements combine to form chemical compounds.
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17
Q

Point five of Dalton’s atomic theory:

A
  1. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
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18
Q

Electrons are

A

Fast and negatively charged

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19
Q

All the atoms that are here?

A

All the atom that are here are here. They don’t cease to exist.

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20
Q

When someone dies what happens to those atoms?

A

When someone dies those atoms exist and they make get turned into soil or plants - then the plant is consumed - you have those atoms in your body after eating the plant.

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21
Q

Characteristics of Atoms
#1

A
  1. Atoms are incredibly tiny – Angstrom (10-10 m) scale.
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22
Q

Characteristics of Atoms
#2

A
  1. Atoms are numerous – Avogadro’s number.
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23
Q

Characteristics of Atoms
#3

A
  1. Atoms are perpetually in motion – Brownian motion.
24
Q

Characteristics of Atoms
#4

A
  1. Atoms are ageless.
25
Q

Atoms can be represented as having different

A

Layers or ‘shells’ where electrons reside.

26
Q

Elements are pure substances composed of?

A

Pure substances composed of one kind of atom.

27
Q

Common forms of Carbon

A

Coal, Diamonds,

28
Q

What are Bucky balls?

A

Bucky balls are 60 carbon atoms in a very specific, geometric, spherical form.

29
Q

Can Bucky balls be taken apart?

A

Yes. They can also be taken apart, flattened and turned into different types of carbon nanotubes!

30
Q

Elements are normally seen in pairs of?

A

Elements are normally seen in pairs of two

31
Q

Atoms may be viewed using a?

A

may be viewed today using electron microscopy.

32
Q

Elements are classified by the number of?

A

protons in their nucleus – their atomic number.

33
Q

The mass number is the total number of?

A

nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atom’s nucleus.

34
Q

The total mass of a single atom is called?

A

Its atomic mass. They are measured in atomic mass units or amu.

35
Q

Elements arranged by

A

Atomic number.

36
Q

Inert

A

= Lazy

37
Q

Compared to the wavelength of visible light, atoms are?

A

Smaller

38
Q

What is used to actually see atoms?

A

An electron beam.

39
Q

Brownian motion has to do with the?

A

Random motions of atoms and molecules.

40
Q

Can atoms be manufactured in plants or humans during reproduction ?

A

No.

41
Q

What sub-atomic particle determines the atom’s size?

A

The electron

42
Q

How many elements are found in nature?

A

There are roughly 100 elements in nature

43
Q

How many elements are man made.

A

Any element above 92 was man made in a lab.

44
Q

Diameters of the outer electron shells are determined

A

The electrical charge in the nucleus.

45
Q

What shrinks as the nuclear charge increases?

A

As nuclear charge increases and electrons are added to outer orbits, the inner orbit shrinks.

46
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom

47
Q

cation

A

A positive ion has deficiency of electrons

48
Q

anion

A

A negative ion has an excess of electrons

49
Q

The number of protons in nucleus matches the number of what around the nucleus?

A

Electrons

50
Q

Isotopes are

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.

51
Q

Isotopes are identified by the?

A

*Identified by their mass number (total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus or number of nucleons).

52
Q

Molecules

A

Two or more atoms bonded together.

53
Q

Compound

A

When atoms of different elements bond to one another, they make a compound.

54
Q

How are compounds separated ?

A

It can only be separated into its constituent elements by chemical means. - and it can be difficult to do so.

55
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more substances that are mixed together without chemically bonding is called a mixture.

56
Q

Mixtures can consist of ?

A

Mixtures may consist of one or more phases of matter [solid, liquid, gas].