CH 11 - The auto mic nature of matter Flashcards
The term ‘atomos’ was coined by?
Democritus. It meant ‘uncuttable’ or ‘the smallest indivisible particle of matter’.
5 Characteristics of Atoms was who’s theory?
John dalton (1800s)
Which one of Dalton’s atomic points is not true today?
- Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
What is Avagrado’s number?
Avogadros number: The numer in atomes in a mole(6.02x10^23)
What are Moles?
Moles: helps to count molecules. Know as the molar quantity.
In the nucleus positive or neutral nucleons all have the same?
Mass.
What does an atom’s nucleus contain?
the atom’s mass.
What is smaller than atoms?
Electrons
Positive nucleons are called?
protons
Neutral nucleons are called?
neutrons
Electrons determine the atom’s
the atom’s size.
How many points are there in Dalton’s atomic theory
5
Point one of Dalton’s atomic theory:
- Elements are made of atoms.
Point two of Dalton’s atomic theory:
- Atoms of an element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.
Point three of Dalton’s atomic theory:
- Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
Point four of Dalton’s atomic theory:
- Atoms of different elements combine to form chemical compounds.
Point five of Dalton’s atomic theory:
- In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
Electrons are
Fast and negatively charged
All the atoms that are here?
All the atom that are here are here. They don’t cease to exist.
When someone dies what happens to those atoms?
When someone dies those atoms exist and they make get turned into soil or plants - then the plant is consumed - you have those atoms in your body after eating the plant.
Characteristics of Atoms
#1
- Atoms are incredibly tiny – Angstrom (10-10 m) scale.
Characteristics of Atoms
#2
- Atoms are numerous – Avogadro’s number.
Characteristics of Atoms
#3
- Atoms are perpetually in motion – Brownian motion.
Characteristics of Atoms
#4
- Atoms are ageless.
Atoms can be represented as having different
Layers or ‘shells’ where electrons reside.
Elements are pure substances composed of?
Pure substances composed of one kind of atom.
Common forms of Carbon
Coal, Diamonds,
What are Bucky balls?
Bucky balls are 60 carbon atoms in a very specific, geometric, spherical form.
Can Bucky balls be taken apart?
Yes. They can also be taken apart, flattened and turned into different types of carbon nanotubes!
Elements are normally seen in pairs of?
Elements are normally seen in pairs of two
Atoms may be viewed using a?
may be viewed today using electron microscopy.
Elements are classified by the number of?
protons in their nucleus – their atomic number.
The mass number is the total number of?
nucleons (protons and neutrons) in an atom’s nucleus.
The total mass of a single atom is called?
Its atomic mass. They are measured in atomic mass units or amu.
Elements arranged by
Atomic number.
Inert
= Lazy
Compared to the wavelength of visible light, atoms are?
Smaller
What is used to actually see atoms?
An electron beam.
Brownian motion has to do with the?
Random motions of atoms and molecules.
Can atoms be manufactured in plants or humans during reproduction ?
No.
What sub-atomic particle determines the atom’s size?
The electron
How many elements are found in nature?
There are roughly 100 elements in nature
How many elements are man made.
Any element above 92 was man made in a lab.
Diameters of the outer electron shells are determined
The electrical charge in the nucleus.
What shrinks as the nuclear charge increases?
As nuclear charge increases and electrons are added to outer orbits, the inner orbit shrinks.
Ion
A charged atom
cation
A positive ion has deficiency of electrons
anion
A negative ion has an excess of electrons
The number of protons in nucleus matches the number of what around the nucleus?
Electrons
Isotopes are
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
Isotopes are identified by the?
*Identified by their mass number (total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus or number of nucleons).
Molecules
Two or more atoms bonded together.
Compound
When atoms of different elements bond to one another, they make a compound.
How are compounds separated ?
It can only be separated into its constituent elements by chemical means. - and it can be difficult to do so.
Mixture
Two or more substances that are mixed together without chemically bonding is called a mixture.
Mixtures can consist of ?
Mixtures may consist of one or more phases of matter [solid, liquid, gas].
