Ch 12 Pt3

Question 1

Inspiration review:

Answer 1

Always an active process
-diaphragm contracts and flattens
-external intercostals contract, expanding ribcage
-increased intrapulmonary pressure inside chest cavity and lungs

Question 2

Expiration Review

Answer 2

Active during forced, passive during rest
-diaphragm relaxes and moves back up against lungs
-external intercostals relax, ribcage lowers
-decreased volume inside chest cavity and lungs, decreases pressure

Question 3

TV or Vt

Answer 3

Tidal volume
-amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath
-around 0.4 to 1L

Question 4

IRV

Answer 4

Inspiratory reserve volume
-inspiring as deeply as possible following a normal inspiration
2.5 to 3L above inspired tidal air
-allows increase/ decrease in tidal volume

Question 5

ERV

Answer 5

Expiratory reserve volume
-after a normal exhalation, continuing to exhale and forcing as much air as possible from the lungs
1 -1.5 L beyond normal breathe out

Question 6

FVC

Answer 6

Forced vital capacity
-total volume of air voluntary moved in one maximal breath
-largest amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation
FVC= TV+ IRV + ERV
4-5L in young males, 3-4 in young females

Question 7

RLV

Answer 7

Residual Lung Volume
-amount of air left in the lungs after a forced max exhalation
-allows continuos gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries to prevent changes in blood gases
0.8 to 1.2L healthy college female
0.9 to 1.4L healthy college male

Question 8

TLC

Answer 8

Total lung capacity
-maximum amount of air the lungs can hold
4-6L remain
TLC+ RLV+ FVC
-differences because of size, number of working alveoli

Question 9

TLC

Answer 9

Total lung capacity
-maximum amount of air the lungs can hold
4-6L remain
TLC+ RLV+ FVC
-differences because of size, number of working alveoli

Question 10

Sex differences in lungs:

Answer 10

Males are larger, therefore values are larger
-females have a reduced lung size

Prismatic gemoetry in females: smaller in cages and lungs
Males gave pyramidal geometry

Question 11

Sex differences:

Answer 11

Females have smaller airway diameter, smaller diffusion surface, lower static and dynamic lung capacities

Question 12

Predicted values of VO2 based on height and weight does not account for:

Answer 12

Sport training, health status (smoking, asthma), body composition (abdominal fat, breast tissue), genetics

Question 13

Can sport training increase total lung capacity

Answer 13

No, alveoli are the main factor for TLC
-land training doesn’t increase alveolar function/ number, but swimming/ water training possibly could
-due to less oxygen available, respiratory muscles are breathing in resistance against external factors

Question 14

Dynamic Lung Volumes

Answer 14

Pulmonary ventilation capability is dependent on continued airflow, not just a single breath

Question 15

FEV: FVC Ratio

Answer 15

Forced Expiratory Volume: maximal airflow measured over 1 second (FEV1.0)
FEV1.0 / FVC indicates pulmonary airflow capacity
-range of 70-90% , 85% in healthy individuals

Reflects pulmonary expiratory power and overall resistance to air movement upstream

Question 16

Minute Ventilation

Answer 16

Amount of air breathed in 1 min
Measured in (L/min or ml/min)
-includes air from conductive zone and respiratory zone
Represented by VI -inspired minute ventilation and

VE- expired minute ventilation -like cardiac output (Q=HRxSV)
-VE= Breath/ min x TV

Question 17

Minute Ventilation is also equal to

Answer 17

Tidal volume (ml/breath) x frequency of rate (breath/min)
Ve= VT x F

At rest: 12-15 breaths/min, 400-600ml per breath

Question 18

VA (big A)

Answer 18

Alveolar Ventilation: amount of air available for gas exchange (only from respiratory zone)

: [VT (ml/breath) - dead space (ml/ breathe)] x F (breaths/ min)
-what’s getting down to the alveoli

VA= VT- dead space x F

Question 19

Alveolar Ventilation is greater than Minute Ventilation?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Linda is running in a race and has a tidal volume of
1.5L per breath and a breathing frequency of 40.
She is a young active non-smoker with an estimated
dead space of 120 ml.
Calculate her Alveolar Ventilation?

Answer 20

VA= VT (ml/breath) - dead space x F
VA= (1500ml/ breath) -120mL x 40bpm
=55.2 L/min

Question 21

Minute or alveolar ventilation can be increased by:

Answer 21

Increasing depth (VT) or rate/ frequency of breathing
-depth is more efficient, but will eventually plateau

Question 22

Why do we see increase in ventilation during exercise?

Answer 22

To allow for more gas exchange (O2 and CO2)

Question 23

Vt

Answer 23

Tidal Volume: amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

Question 24

Residual Volume

Answer 24

RLV/ RV: amount of air left in the lungs after max exhalation

Question 25

FVC

Answer 25

Forced Vital Capacity: Largest amount of air that can be exhaled following a max inhalation

Question 26

TLC

Answer 26

Total Lung Capacity: max amount of air the lungs can hold

Question 27

Highest values of air to lowest order:

Answer 27

TLC> FVC> RLV> VT