CH 12,13,14 Review

Question 1

External Respiration

Answer 1

Process by which gas is exchanged between lungs and arterial system

Question 2

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 2

A process by which gas is exchanged between air and lungs

Question 3

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 3

A process by which gas is exchanged between air and lungs

Question 4

Internal Respiration

Answer 4

A process by which gas is exchanged between arterial system and muscle tissue
-can be defined as avo2 diff

Question 5

Proximal to Distal air flow through respiratory system organs:

Answer 5

1. External nares (nose)
2. Pharynx (back of throat)
3. Epiglottis (flap for trachea or esophagus)
4. Larynx (voicebox)
5. Trachea (windpipe -upside down tree trunk)
6. Lungs

Question 6

Air flow through lungs and where conductive zone ends and respiratory zone begins

Answer 6

1. Primary Bronchi
2. Secondary Bronchi
3. tertiary Bronchioles
4. Terminal Bronchioles -CZ ends
5. Respiratory Bronchioles -RZ starts
6. Alveolar Duct
7. Alveolar Sac
8. Alveoli

Question 7

Respiratory zone is for:

Answer 7

Respiration within the alveoli

Question 8

Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 8

Alveoli that have no blood supply or gas exchange

Question 9

Physiological dead space:

Answer 9

Bad/ damaged alveoli -should have gas exchange but don’t anymore

Question 10

Movement of air depends on:

Answer 10

Pressure Gradient (high to low pressure) and
Resistance (tissue friction, airway resistance)

Question 11

Boyles Law:

Answer 11

The pressure of a gas is inversely related to its volume:
Low pressure= high volume
High pressure= low volume

Question 12

Inspiration is what process and what are the main muscles

Answer 12

An active process
Main muscles are diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 13

Expiration is a what process and the main muscles are:

Answer 13

A passive process at rest, active during exercise
-main muscles are diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 14

What are the secondary muscles of inspiration/ expiration

Answer 14

Pectorals, abdominals, internal intercostals, exterior intercostals

Question 15

TLC

Answer 15

Total Lung capacity
-maximum amount of air lungs can hold

Question 16

RV

Answer 16

Residual Volume
-amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation (after inhalation)

Question 17

VC

Answer 17

Vital capacity
-the largest amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximal inhalation

Question 18

Vt

Answer 18

Tidal Volume
-amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath

Question 19

Minute Ventilation

Answer 19

VE or VI = VT x F

Question 20

Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 20

= [VT-dead space] x F

Question 21

How much minute ventilation reaches alveoli for gas exchange

Answer 21

Around 70%

Question 22

Ambient air pressure is 760mmHg and is made up of what percentage of the following: O2, CO2, N2

Answer 22

O2= 21%
CO2= <1%
N2= 79%

Question 23

Arterial Blood PO2=

Answer 23

PaO2 :100mmHg

Question 24

Tissue PO2

Answer 24

40mmHg
-capillaries to tissue level

Question 25

Under normal conditions, near complete O2 saturation occurs at PO2 of

Answer 25

60mmHg an higher %sat= 90% at 60mmHg

Question 26

At muscle, PO2 is 40mmHg which causes:

Answer 26

Disassociation/ desaturation of O2 and hemoglobin -letting go

Question 27

Ventilatory Equivalent

Answer 27

-if rises, would be a decrease in efficiency (have to consume more O2) -usually 25:1 ratio at resting VE/ VO2

Question 28

A-a PO2

Answer 28

Alveolar to Artial oxygen partial pressure difference -reflects efficiency of oxygen transfer in lungs during exercise

Question 29

External respiration is a limiting factor:

Answer 29

In some highly trained athletes EIH

Question 30

Pulmonary system lags behind:

Answer 30

Exceptional adaptations in CV and muscular systems