Ch 12 Pt1 Flashcards
During function, our cells use;
O2 and produce CO2, they get O2 from the respiratory system and it eliminates CO2 from the body
4 Specific purpose of ventilation
Exchange of O2
Exchange of CO2
Control of blood pH (as CO2 combines with water, can produce bicarbonate to buffer blood
Oral communication
What 2 parts of ventilation are essential for metabolism?
Exchange of O2 and CO2
How does the pressure gradient of O2 and CO2 work?
O2 and CO2 move from areas of high concentration (or pressure) to low concentration (or pressure)
-this is called partial pressure
What is partial pressure?
CO2 builds up in tissue (high concentration) and moves into venues (low concentration)
O2 high concentration in arteries moves into tissue which are lower in concentration
Movement of air into and out of pulmonary system is:
Breathing or Ventilation
External respiration
Pulmonary circulation -oxygen into lungs
-exchange of gases between the lungs and blood
Internal Respiration
-exchange of gases between the blood and muscles
-capillaries delivering oxygenated blood to the muscle
-also measured as avO2
Cellular Respiration
-utilization of O2 by cells to produce ATP
Pulmonary Ventilation
Process by which air is moved into the lungs
-inspiration, expiration, inhalation, exhalation
External Nares (nostrils)
External openings to nasal cavities
Pharynx
Throat
-muscular tube from nasal cavity to the esophagus and larynx
Epiglottis
Soft tissue pillar in the throat that covers the vocal cords and keeps food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing
Larynx
Valve structure between the trachea (windpipe) and the pharynx (upper throat) that is the primary organ of voice production
Trachea
The windpipe, the passage inn the throat leading to the lungs
Lungs
Organs in which gas exchange occurs
Full airflow through respiratory system organs
(Pulmonary ventilation)
(6 steps)
- External nares
- Pharynx
- Epiglottis
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Lung
Primary bronchi:
Two large tubes that carry air to the lung; branches from trachea
Secondary bronchi:
Tube branches from primary bronchi
Tertiary bronchioles:
Tube branches from secondary bronchi
Bronchiole
Small branches of the bronchi that carries air to and from the alveoli
Terminal bronchiole
Smallest bronchiole in the conducting zone
-end of the conductive zone
Parts of the Conductive Zone: (11)
Start
Nose, pharynx (throat), epiglottis (flap), larynx (voice box), Trachea (windpipe), lungs
Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole
End
Anatomical Dead Space
Parts of the lungs that were never designed for gas exchange
-no alveoli meaning non exchange of gasses
1ml per 1lb of ideal body weight
3 Functions of the Conductive Zone
- Transport Air -more air from the atmosphere into the lungs
- Warm and humidify air- warm up atmosphere air
- Filter incoming air -through cilia in the nose
Breakdown of warming and humidifying air:
Body warms air before it reaches lungs (37 degrees Celsius and 99.5% saturated with water vapour)
-protective mechanism to maintain core body temp
-protects lungs from injury
Filtering incoming air breakdown
Nose lined with mucous membrane to trap. Impurities and foreign particles that are inhaled
-protect lungs
-smoking and air pollutants decrease protection by reducing mucous membrane
Respiratory Zone
-begins at level of respiratory bronchioles and ends with the exchange of gases at the alveoli
-Site of gas exchange
-constitutes largest portion of TLV
Respiratory Bronchiole
Bronchioles that contain scattered alveoli in their walls
Alveolar Duct
Elongated air passageway, lined by alveoli
Alveolar Sac
Clusters of alveoli that open into a common space
Alveoli
Site of gas exchange
-300 million by age 8, 600 million total
-are damagable
Physiological Dead Space
Alveoli with no blood supply -no gas exchange
-different that anatomical dead space -shouldn’t have dead space but it does
Pores of Kohn
Located within each alveolus, disperse surfactant to reduce surface tension
Anatomical dead space is comprised of alveoli with no gas exchange
False
-don’t have alveoli
Primary function of the respiratory zone is gas exchange
True
One of the functions of the conductive zone is oral communication
False
-function of ventilation, not conductive system
Terminal bronchioles are found in the respiratory zone
False
-last bronchioles of conductive zone
-any bronchioles found in respiratory zone are respiratory bronchioles
