Ch 12 Pt2

Question 1

External Respiration

Answer 1

Exchange of gases at alveoli (lung level)

Question 2

Internal Respiration

Answer 2

Exchange of gases at muscular level

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

Utilization of O2 by the muscles as they use and uptake O2, then secrete CO2

Question 4

Movement of air depends on 2 things:

Answer 4

Pressure gradient and Resistance

Question 5

High pressure to low pressure or high concentration to low concentration is:

Answer 5

Pressure Gradient

Question 6

Tissue friction or airway resistance is:

Answer 6

Resistance
Tissue friction: as lungs move (20%)
Airway friction: between gas and walls of airway (80%)

Question 7

Boyles Law

Answer 7

The pressure of a gas is inversely related to its volume
-how the lungs function/ how we get air in and out
low pressure= high volume,
High pressure= low volume

Question 8

Inspiration is…

Answer 8

Always an active process
-muscles have to contract in order to breath in

Question 9

Main/ Primary inspiration muscles are: (2)

Answer 9

Diaphragm: dome shaped muscle directly below the lungs and directly above visceral organs
External Intercostals: muscles running alongside ribcage

Question 10

How does the diaphragm and external intercostals cause inhalation

Answer 10

Diaphragm: contracts upon neural stimulation -flattens and moves down -elongates the chest cavity

External Intercostals: elevate the rib cage and expand chest cavity further
-laterally (side to side) and anterposteriorly (front and back)

Question 11

Pleura:

Answer 11

Thin, double layered membrane that lines the chest cavity and external lung surfaces
-changes in chest cavity are transferred to lungs because of pleura

Question 12

2 types of Pleura:

Answer 12

Visceral (pulmonary) and
Parietal (chest) pleura: lines the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs
-adherence of lungs to chest cavity

Question 13

When’s lungs expand:

Answer 13

Volume Increases, meaning pressure decreases
-due to pressure gradient

Question 14

Intrapulmonary pressure is what related to atmospheric pressure

Answer 14

Less than atmospheric pressure, meaning air flows into the lungs due to pressure gradient

Question 15

During heavy forced breathing, inspiration is assisted by what other muscles (3)

Answer 15

Pectoralis major, scalene, sternocleidomastoid, etc

Question 16

Expiration is:

Answer 16

A passive process (at rest)
The relaxation of the inspiratory muscles (external intercostals., diaphragm)
-elastic recoil of the lungs

Question 17

In expiration, Intrathoracic (intrapulmonary) pressure is greater than:

Answer 17

The atmospheric pressure
-air flows out

Question 18

During forced breathe, expiration is:

Answer 18

Active -uses:
Internal Intercostals: actively pull ribs down (faster than recoil of lungs -air forced out faster)

Abdominal muscles- contract and increase intra-abdominal pressure -force the visceral up against the diaphragm and move it back to domed position

Question 19

Air flow due to pressure gradients:
Inspiration

Answer 19

Increase volume, decrease pressure
Air= 760mmHg, Lunhs= 758mmHg
-air flows from high to low, flows into lungs

Question 20

Air flow due to pressure gradients:
Expiration

Answer 20

Decrease in volume and increase in pressure
Air: 760mmHg, Lungs 762mmHg
-air flows out -high to low pressure

Question 21

Respiratory Pump

Answer 21

Changes in intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressure assist in venous return
-pressure increase, vena cava transports blood back to heart
-pressure decrease, veins return to original size

Question 22

Respiratory Circulation 2 systems:

Answer 22

Pulmonary CIrculation -pulmonary artery and vein, capillaries
-services external respiration

Respiratory/ bronchiole Circulation
-services internal respiration

Question 23

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 23

Pulmonary artery -right ventricle to lungs
-deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein -lung to left atria
-oxygenated blood
Pressure is higher in artery than vein

Question 24

Bronchial Circulation

Answer 24

Small arteries that originate from aorta, travel through the lungs, return as veins that empty into pulmonary veins
Deoxygenated blood carrying veins empty into oxygenated space

Question 25

Inspiration is always an active process

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Expiration is always a passive process

Answer 26

False
-only during rest

Question 27

Primary muscles of ventilation are the diaphragm and external intercostals

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Air flows into the lungs when intrapulmonary pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

Answer 28

False
-air flows into lungs when intrapulmonary pressure is LOWER than atmospheric