ch 11 Flashcards
define aerobic respiration [5]
-it is the complete breakdown of glucose
-in the presence of oxygen
-to produce a big amount of energy
-no alcohol or lactic acid production
-occurs in mitochondria
equation of aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
define anaerobic respiration [5]
-it is incomplete breakdown of glucose
-in the absence of oxygen
-to produce small amout of energy
-alcohol and lactic acid prodction
-occurs in cytoplasm
define respiration
its a chemical reaction that takes place inside the cells and need enzymes. enzymes are used to break down glucose molecules and release chemical energy stored in them
why is energy needed in human body cells [3’
- active transport
-cell division
-muscle contraction
why do human muscles do anaerobic respiration
during excercise the active muscles need more energy and in the same time there is no enough oxygen uptake at the start of excercise
what happens after excercise to muscles that did anerobic respiration
lots of lactic acid is accumulated in muscles which if left will cause muscle fatigue (cramp) so it has to br broken down by oxidation in liver thats why the person will do heavy panting after the excercise to take extra oxygen to breakdown the lactic acidd (oxygen debt)
what is anaerobic respiration in yeast used for
- to make alcoholic drinks
how is anaerobic respiration in yeast used to make alcoholic drinks
-use a fruit containing sugar to make juice then add yeast to produce alcohol with fruit flavour
what is oxygen debt
means that during anaerobic respiration your muscle took energy without paying for it with oxygen in return so you have an o2 debt. that you have to pay back shortly after excercise. during the recovery period by taking in more o2 by heavy panting
how is oxygen debt removed in the recovery period [3]
-continuation of faster breathing to supply more o2 and remove more co2
-continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid from muscles to liver
-breakdown of lactic acid in liver by oxidation
why is there an increase in oxygen consumption at the start of the excercise
because at the start of excercise there is an increase in muscle contraction so it needs more energy , rate of respiration is increased to supply the muscles with more oxygen for aerobic respiration
effect of excercise on breathing
adrenal gland releases adrenaline hormone which increases rate and depth of breathing
advantages of increased rate and depth of breathing during excercise [3]
-supply the active muscles with extra oxygen -> to respuire and produce energy
-remove the excess co2 produced from muscles to outside the body becuse co2 is acidic and toxic
-breakdown of lactic acid formed during excercise by oxidation in the liver
2 cells that line the respiratory passage and their functions
-goblet cell -> secretes mucus that traps dust and bacteria and perevent them from reaching the lungs to prevent diseases
-ciliated cells -> have cilia which sweep the unclean mucus up to be spitted
why is breathing through nose better than mouth [3]
allow air to :
-warmed
-moistened
filtered by cilia and goblet cells
function of cartilage in trachea
keep air way opened to prevent its collapse
how gaseous exchange occurs [3]
-in alveoli
-oxygen passes by diffusion from its high conc. in the alveoli to its lower conc. in blood capillary
-Co2 passes by diffusion from its higher conc. in blood capillary to its lower conc. in alveoli to expired outside the body
adaptation of alveoli to its function [4]
-thin -> wall formed of one layer
-moist -> wall is lined by film of moisture
-large surface area
-close to blood capillaries
what happens during inhalation [6]
-diaphragm contracts -> move down
-external inter-costal muscles contract
-rib cage moves upwards and outwards
-volume of lungs increases
-pressure of lungs decreases
-air comes rushing in
what happens during exhalation [6]
-diaphragm relaxes -> move up
-external inter-costal muscles relax
-rib cage moves downwards and inwards
-volume of lungs decreases
-pressure of lungs increases
-air comes rushing out
function of larnyx
makes sounds
function of ribs
protects lungs
how to measure breathing rate
spirometer
