ch 1 Flashcards
define movement
an action by an organism causing a change of position or place
define respiration
the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy
define sensitivity
the ability to detect changes in the environment and to make a response
define growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell size or cell number or both
define reproduction
the process that makes more of the same kind of organism
define excretion
removal of toxic materials from organisms
define nutrition
the taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair , absorbing and assimilating them
order the groups of living organisms
-kingdom
-phylum
-class
-order
-family
-genus
-species
define genus
a group of living organisms that have the same external features
define species [3]
a group of living organisms that have the same external features, can breed together and produce fertile offspring
what is the binomial system?
it means that each living organism is given 2 latin times
describe a bacteria [2]
it is unicellular and has no nucleus
structure of bacteria [5] (in order of the layers)
- capsule -> for protection
-cell wall -> made of murine
-cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-flagella -> for movement (locomotion)
how to prove that bacteria is a living organism ? [2]
- place a sample containing bacteria in jelly agar in a petri dish
-after 3 days at temperature 37’ bacteria will increase in number proving reproduction and the jelly agar is used up proving nutrition
why is a virus considered both living and non-living
living -> because it makes reproduction
non-living-> because it doesnt make respiration or nutrition
compare bacteria and virus [3]
- bacteria has cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and flagella and virus doesnt
-bacteria doesnt have protein coat and virus has
-bacteria and virus both have DNA loop
compare bacteria (prokaryote) and WBC (animal cell) [5]
-bacteria has cell wall and WBC doesnt
-bacteria has no nucleus, WBC has
-bacteria has no mitochondria
- bacteria has DNA loop
-bacteria is smaller in size
why is not kingdom protista not classified as bacteria ?
because they have a nucleus while bacteria doesnt
why kingdom protista are not classified as plant or animals
because they are unicellular but plants or animals are multicellular
similarities between fungi and plant cells [2]
-cell wall
-single big vacuole
differences between fungi and plant cell [3]
-fungi has chitin cell wall but plant has a cellulose cell wall
-fungi has stored food glycogen and plant has stored food starch
- fungi has no chloroplasts and dont make photosynthesis
how to observe bread mould or yeast cells ?
use microscope and take a fungus sample on a slide, stain then view under high power magnification , it would be possible to count the number of yeast cells
how is bread mould fungus adapted to obtain its food?
by using rhizoids (feeding hypha), that spread over the food and secrete enzymes that digest the large insoluble food paricles into small soluble food particles that are easily absorbed
how are the rhizoids adapted to help the bread mould fungus obtain food
they are long and branching to increase surface area of absorbing food
