Ch 10 - Extrinsic & Intrinsic Motivation Flashcards
__ select behaviors and __ the expression of said behaviors.
__ select against behaviors and __ the expression of said behaviors.
Reinforcers; increase
Punishers; decrease
__ are external stimuli that motivate or induce behavior. __ influence behavior based on an __ consequence of said behavior.
Incentives
Incentives; anticipated
Incentives are said to have __ properties because they influence behavior that will yield an __ consequence.
motivational; anticipated
__ __ is the attractiveness of an incentive based on objective properties (such monetary value) or subjective properties (such as how it makes us feel) is this.
Incentive value
An __ __ can be determined based on __ properties (such as buying art for investment purposes), or based on __ properties (buying for pleasure).
incentive value; objective; subjective
This law states that as objective incentive value increases, utility increases - but in smaller and smaller amounts (logarithmic, not linear or exponential).
Fechner’s law
Winning $100K does not hold the same incentive value for working stiffs vs. billionaires - what law explains this difference?
Fechner’s law
The subjective properties of an incentive, such as the satisfaction / pleasure it brings, or its usefulness, is said to be the incentives __.
utility
The time between the current behavior and the availability of a future incentive is an incentive __ __.
Describe an example using employment.
delay interval.
You work (current behavior), then you get paid in 2 weeks (future incentive).
__ __ is when a future incentive is represented today at a lower value.
The general formula for determining incentive value from its amount its delay is: Incentive value (IV) = \_\_ of incentive / (1 + \_\_ interval)
Delay discounting.
IV = Amount of incentive / (1 + delay interval)
As an incentive __ __ increases, the incentive __ decreases for both positive and __ incentives.
delay interval; value; negative
Which has a higher incentive value? Use the formula!
A. $100 bonus for reaching goal every 4 weeks, week 1.
B. $100 bonus for reaching goal every 4 weeks, week 3.
What does this mean in terms of job performance?
A: IV = 100 / (1 + 3 weeks remaining) = 25
B: IV = 100 / (1 + 1 week remaining) = 50
B has a higher IV, so you’ll work harder in week 3 than in week 1 (generally speaking).
The 3 explanations for delay discounting are:
- The probability of attaining an incentive __ as the incentive delay interval __.
- __ feelings decrease when incentive is farther away.
- Future incentives allow for more time to make a __.
decreases; increases
Hedonic
decision
Scenario:
A person prefers an immediate, smaller incentive in favor of a larger future incentive. However, as the time delay increases for the smaller incentive the person is more likely to choose the larger incentive. This is an example of a __ __.
preference reversal.
Initial preference for a smaller incentive, but as time delay increases, switches to the larger incentive.
Preference reversal
Preference reversal is related to __.
__, less important incentives are preferred to __, more important incentives.
procrastination
Immediate; delayed.
Losses are more dissatisfying than gains are satisfying (LLLtG).
For example, __ $50 is less satisfying than the dissatisfaction of __ $50.
Losses loom larger than gains.
Finding; loosing
Regarding home sales, the price a seller is willing to accept is always higher than the price a buyer is willing to pay. This is an example of what phrase?
losses loom larger than gains.
An __ __ (the number / objective quantity of incentive stimuli) can serve as a source of extrinsic motivation .
incentive amount
A __ __ (VI) schedule is a reinforcement tool used to produce predictable patterns of behavior in rats.
For example, a VI3 would reinforce behavior after __ minutes; then each reinforcement after is at a __ interval with a mean time of __ minutes.
variable interval.
three; variable; three minutes.
What is the variable interval:
5 min
3 min
7 min
5 min
5 minutes
If two incentives are the same, then humans and non-human animals will choose the incentive that serves as the greatest __.
For example, a treat (incentive) with a VI3 schedule vs. an equivalent treat with a VI5 schedule, the __ schedule incentive would be chosen.
reinforcement.
VI3
If one incentive on a VI5 schedule is better than an incentive on a VI2 schedule, humans and non-human animals will __ behaviors and choose the __ schedule incentive.
shift; VI5
__ __ describe the ability of an incentive to motivate contingent on prior experience.
Contrast effects
