Ch 08 - Psychological Needs & Motives

Question 1

Motives __; incentives __.

Motives are __; incentives are in the __.

Motivations are both __ and __.

Answer 1

push; pull

internal; enviornment

internal; external

Question 2

The likelihood of a behavior is influenced by internal motivations or external motivations?

Answer 2

Both

Question 3

This theory states that psychological drives emerge from physiological needs.

Answer 3

Hull’s drive theory.

Question 4

T or F: According to Hull’s Drive Theory, hunger and thirst share the same psychological drive rooted in a singular physiological need.

Use rats in a maze to support your answer.

Answer 4

False - hunger and thirst have their own drives.

Thirsty rats will run faster through a maze towards the end with water; hungry rats towards food.

Question 5

Drives are __; they motivates behaviors that are meant to reduce the __ of a drive.

Answer 5

unpleasant; intensity

Question 6

What 2 drives are unrelated to needs?

Which might have a physiological need depending on the situation?

Answer 6

Curiosity and boredom.

Both can be thought of as physiological drives due to the need for enrichment and visual stimulation in order to develop a bigger cortex and better vision, respectively.

Question 7

This drive is activated when a novel item is in the environment.

Answer 7

curiosity

Question 8

This drive is activated during unvarying stimulus conditions.

Answer 8

boredom

Question 9

__ needs are aroused by appropriate stimulus; the __ reminds the person of a discrepancy between their current state and __ state.

Answer 9

Psychological; motive; desired

Question 10

What is Redintegration?

Answer 10

A process whereby an environmental stimulus activates a psychological need.

Question 11

There is a relationship between __ and behavior.

Maslow’s Theory of __ described a hierarchy of __ shaped into a __.

Answer 11

needs.

Needs; needs; triangle/pyramid.

Question 12

List Maslow’s 5 hierarchy of needs

Answer 12

1. physiological
2. safety
3. belonging
4. esteem
5. self-actualization.

Question 13

T or F: Maslow’s esteem need is respect for one’s self.

Answer 13

False (almost true) - it’s respect for one’s self AND for others.

Question 14

Which of Maslow’s needs is described as utilizing one’s abilities to the fullest (for altruistic motives).

Answer 14

Self-actualization

Question 15

In 1990, Lester developed this test to determine whether or not Maslow’s proposed needs are in a hierarchy.

What were his findings?

Answer 15

Needs Satisfaction Inventory

Maslow’s proposed needs are not necessarily hierarchical.

Question 16

Which branch of psychology led to a revision of Maslow’s pyramidal hierarchy of needs?

They found that need categories have __ __; however, a person’s circumstances may change the __ of the needs.

The revision is a series of __ __ that are arranged hierarchically, but they can __ depending on the person’s circumstances.

Answer 16

Evolutionary psychology.

evolutionary significance; order

overlapping triangles; shift

Question 17

A person who goes on a hunger strike for a political cause is __-__; their behavior causes __ and __ needs to not be met, but their actions are altruistic.

Answer 17

self-actualized; physiological; safety

Question 18

Name the 7 major psychological needs

Answer 18

1. Achievement
2. Power
3. Cognition
4. Esteem
5. Relatedness
6. Autonomy
7. Competence

Question 19

A positive mood is the result of satisfying which 4 psychological needs?

Answer 19

Esteem, Relatedness, Autonomy, and Competence

Question 20

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a __ test wherein a person describes a stimulus (picture, inkblot) in terms of personal meaning that is consistent with with any __ motives or needs.

Answer 20

projective; activated

Question 21

__ needs are internal motives defined as the discrepancy between a person’s set point and some incentive or activity.

It __ the person to reduce this discrepancy.

Answer 21

Psychological;

motivates.

Question 22

Someone is shown an ambiguous picture and asked to tell a story about it. What kind of test is this?

Statements related to high need for achievement include __-__ involvement (efforts), high __, and unique __.

Answer 22

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).

long-term; standards; accomplishments

Question 23

The __ __ theory describes a motive to __ __ (Ms) and a motive to __ __ (Maf); the latter of which is characterized by __ and __.

Answer 23

Achievement Motivation; achieve success; avoid failure; fear and anxiety.

Question 24

The motive to __ __ (Ms) combines with the motive to __ __ (Maf) to determine the tendency to attempt a task.

An incentive __ is assigned to each task as well as a __ of success or failure.

All these __ to determine if you attempt a task.

Answer 24

achieve success; avoid failure

value; probability

combine

Question 25

According to the __ __ Theory, if I take a class because I have a high probability of achieving an A in the class, I have a high motive to __ __ (Ms).

If there is a high probability of not doing well, and it lowers my GPA, I might not take the class because I have a high motive to __ __ (Maf).

Answer 25

Achievement Motivation; achieve success

avoid failure.

Question 26

The __ __ __ (TAT) has low __-__ reliability which questions its validity.

Answer 26

Thematic Apperception Test; test-retest

Question 27

Of the 7 major psychological needs, __ is the need for authority over others; and people in this position often have a high status job which relates to this need.

Name a few examples.

Answer 27

power

judge; police, teacher, business owner

Question 28

Of the 7 major psychological needs, __ is the desire to understand one’s world and experiences through thinking.

Answer 28

Cognition

Question 29

__ __ is an outlook that views things as favorable or unfavorable (black and white); there is a lower need for __ and seeing both sides.

Answer 29

Attitude polarization; cognition

Question 30

Persons high in this major psychological need enjoy analytical thinking; they need to understand differing points of view or grey areas.

Answer 30

cognition

Question 31

Persons high in this major psychological need want to be viewed as a worthy person and have a good sense of self-worth.

Answer 31

esteem

Question 32

This major psychological need describes intimacy or belonging.

Answer 32

Relatedness.

Question 33

The desire to initiate, maintain, and restore positive relationships is the need for __ and falls under __ (one of the major psychological needs).

Answer 33

affiliation; relatedness

Question 34

Shared positive feelings between 2 individuals is known as __ motive.

Answer 34

intimacy

Question 35

To be effective in one’s own actions means you are able to satisfy this major psychological need.

Answer 35

Competence

Question 35

Unaware of the original stimulus that triggered our behavior (study of).

Answer 35

Refloxology

Question 36

Acting like those with whom we interact (vocabulary, pronunciation of words, body language, etc) is defined as __.

It is an example of __ which states that we’re __ of the original stimulus that triggered this behavior.

Answer 36

mimicry

refloxology; unaware