Ch 08 - Psychological Needs & Motives Flashcards
Motives __; incentives __.
Motives are __; incentives are in the __.
Motivations are both __ and __.
push; pull
internal; enviornment
internal; external
The likelihood of a behavior is influenced by internal motivations or external motivations?
Both
This theory states that psychological drives emerge from physiological needs.
Hull’s drive theory.
T or F: According to Hull’s Drive Theory, hunger and thirst share the same psychological drive rooted in a singular physiological need.
Use rats in a maze to support your answer.
False - hunger and thirst have their own drives.
Thirsty rats will run faster through a maze towards the end with water; hungry rats towards food.
Drives are __; they motivates behaviors that are meant to reduce the __ of a drive.
unpleasant; intensity
What 2 drives are unrelated to needs?
Which might have a physiological need depending on the situation?
Curiosity and boredom.
Both can be thought of as physiological drives due to the need for enrichment and visual stimulation in order to develop a bigger cortex and better vision, respectively.
This drive is activated when a novel item is in the environment.
curiosity
This drive is activated during unvarying stimulus conditions.
boredom
__ needs are aroused by appropriate stimulus; the __ reminds the person of a discrepancy between their current state and __ state.
Psychological; motive; desired
What is Redintegration?
A process whereby an environmental stimulus activates a psychological need.
There is a relationship between __ and behavior.
Maslow’s Theory of __ described a hierarchy of __ shaped into a __.
needs.
Needs; needs; triangle/pyramid.
List Maslow’s 5 hierarchy of needs
- physiological
- safety
- belonging
- esteem
- self-actualization.
T or F: Maslow’s esteem need is respect for one’s self.
False (almost true) - it’s respect for one’s self AND for others.
Which of Maslow’s needs is described as utilizing one’s abilities to the fullest (for altruistic motives).
Self-actualization
In 1990, Lester developed this test to determine whether or not Maslow’s proposed needs are in a hierarchy.
What were his findings?
Needs Satisfaction Inventory
Maslow’s proposed needs are not necessarily hierarchical.
Which branch of psychology led to a revision of Maslow’s pyramidal hierarchy of needs?
They found that need categories have __ __; however, a person’s circumstances may change the __ of the needs.
The revision is a series of __ __ that are arranged hierarchically, but they can __ depending on the person’s circumstances.
Evolutionary psychology.
evolutionary significance; order
overlapping triangles; shift
A person who goes on a hunger strike for a political cause is __-__; their behavior causes __ and __ needs to not be met, but their actions are altruistic.
self-actualized; physiological; safety
Name the 7 major psychological needs
- Achievement
- Power
- Cognition
- Esteem
- Relatedness
- Autonomy
- Competence
A positive mood is the result of satisfying which 4 psychological needs?
Esteem, Relatedness, Autonomy, and Competence
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a __ test wherein a person describes a stimulus (picture, inkblot) in terms of personal meaning that is consistent with with any __ motives or needs.
projective; activated
__ needs are internal motives defined as the discrepancy between a person’s set point and some incentive or activity.
It __ the person to reduce this discrepancy.
Psychological;
motivates.
Someone is shown an ambiguous picture and asked to tell a story about it. What kind of test is this?
Statements related to high need for achievement include __-__ involvement (efforts), high __, and unique __.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
long-term; standards; accomplishments
The __ __ theory describes a motive to __ __ (Ms) and a motive to __ __ (Maf); the latter of which is characterized by __ and __.
Achievement Motivation; achieve success; avoid failure; fear and anxiety.
The motive to __ __ (Ms) combines with the motive to __ __ (Maf) to determine the tendency to attempt a task.
An incentive __ is assigned to each task as well as a __ of success or failure.
All these __ to determine if you attempt a task.
achieve success; avoid failure
value; probability
combine
According to the __ __ Theory, if I take a class because I have a high probability of achieving an A in the class, I have a high motive to __ __ (Ms).
If there is a high probability of not doing well, and it lowers my GPA, I might not take the class because I have a high motive to __ __ (Maf).
Achievement Motivation; achieve success
avoid failure.
The __ __ __ (TAT) has low __-__ reliability which questions its validity.
Thematic Apperception Test; test-retest
Of the 7 major psychological needs, __ is the need for authority over others; and people in this position often have a high status job which relates to this need.
Name a few examples.
power
judge; police, teacher, business owner
Of the 7 major psychological needs, __ is the desire to understand one’s world and experiences through thinking.
Cognition
__ __ is an outlook that views things as favorable or unfavorable (black and white); there is a lower need for __ and seeing both sides.
Attitude polarization; cognition
Persons high in this major psychological need enjoy analytical thinking; they need to understand differing points of view or grey areas.
cognition
Persons high in this major psychological need want to be viewed as a worthy person and have a good sense of self-worth.
esteem
This major psychological need describes intimacy or belonging.
Relatedness.
The desire to initiate, maintain, and restore positive relationships is the need for __ and falls under __ (one of the major psychological needs).
affiliation; relatedness
Shared positive feelings between 2 individuals is known as __ motive.
intimacy
To be effective in one’s own actions means you are able to satisfy this major psychological need.
Competence
Unaware of the original stimulus that triggered our behavior (study of).
Refloxology
Acting like those with whom we interact (vocabulary, pronunciation of words, body language, etc) is defined as __.
It is an example of __ which states that we’re __ of the original stimulus that triggered this behavior.
mimicry
refloxology; unaware
