Ch 07 - Stress, Coping & Health Flashcards
This results when one has inadequate resources to achieve positive events and avoid negative events – the person can’t meet the demands placed on them.
Strain
This term describes behavior that is motivated to meet life’s demands (__) and deal with the consequences (__).
Coping;
strain; stress
__ is the reaction to strain. It occurs when life’s demands strain __ abilities / resources. It can lead to many things including excessive __ arousal, illness, and __ disorders.
Stress
coping
physiological; psychophysiological (psychosomatic)
Stressor stimuli usually include what two things?
Negative life events or illness.
This term describes physiological arousal at the optimal level; can be produced by positive events.
Eustress
This term describes physiological arousal that is too high or too low (and is the general term for stress).
Distress
What is the same domain effect?
The valence of event and reaction to it are of the same dimension – negative events produce distress and positive events produce eustress.
Environmental stressors of extreme magnitude, such as hurricanes, pandemics, and mass shootings, are called what?
cataclysmic phenomena
Daily __ are annoying / irritating day-to-day events. They are offset by daily __ which bring joy, relief, and amusement.
hassles
uplifts
This hypothesis states that less stress is produced when one has advance notice that an aversive event is coming.
The ability to __ for the event lessens the amount of stress.
The Preparatory Response Hypothesis.
prepare / plan
If a professor announces a pop quiz, and states that the quiz will be worth as much as an exam, this will cause excessive stress.
Why, and what hypothesis explains this phenomenon?
Because there was no notice / it was unplanned.
The preparatory response hypothesis.
This hypothesis states that signals predict the nonoccurrence of an aversive event (safe interval - you can relax), or predict danger (unsafe interval - causes stress / anxiety).
An example using this class is the feeling of relaxation during non-exam intervals and anxiety the day before an exam.
safety hypothesis
Two types of research that study stressors are __ research (subjects are asked to recall past events of a stressful nature) and __ research (measures wellbeing before AND after stressor).
What is the ‘flaw’ in the first type of research?
retrospective; prospective.
It depends on memory (which is volatile) and on the participants’ truthfulness.
The blood pressure of children was measured before an after an airport was built near their home. What type of research is this?
prospective research
Holmes and Rahe developed this scale to measure the amount of adjustment required to cope with a life change.
Changes are measured in __-__ Units, and their effect is __ – the larger the amount of life changes was positively correlated with illness.
Social Readjustment Scale
life-change; cumulative
What would be the finding of a student’s GPA who experienced many life changing events, according to the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment scale?
Their GPA would be lower the more life changing events they experienced.
This disorder is characterized by dreams, flashbacks and physiological distress.
What causes these physiological changes?
PTSD
Trigger events.
This category of racism finds that White crime is romanticized while minority crime is demonized.
An example was the Katrina survivors (one was surviving, the other was looting).
Cultural Racism
This category of racism includes a White person being paid more for the same job as a minority with equal experience / performance.
Institutional
For this category of racism, a person is ignored (assume you don’t have money) or viewed with suspicion (assume you’re going to steal) when shopping.
Individual
For this category of racism, people assume that if you’re the victim of a crime, the reason must be due to your race (they’re not surprised you were victimized).
Collective
Describe the 3 phases in Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome.
- Alarm reaction - ANS is activated by stress.
- Resistance - the organism adapts or is damaged by the stress (sink or swim).
- Exhaustion - energy used in phase 2 is exhausted; organism dies or suffers irreversible damage.
The study of stress on the immune system (and subsequent disease) is called __.
psychoneuroimmunology
This hypothesis states that extreme exercise or psychological stress can weaken the immune system and increase the likelihood of becoming ill (similar to the __ __ syndrome).
open window.
General Adaptation
There are two coping styles:
- __ focused: identify the stressor and consider potential solutions.
- __ focused: manage sensations to dysphoric stimuli.
Problem
Emotion
Emotion-focused coping styles includes 4 categories. List and describe each.
(1) wishful thinking - hoping the problem goes away;
(2) distancing one’s self from the problem / biding time;
(3) self-blame - realizing/owning responsibility; and
(4) self-isolation - avoiding people or not telling anyone.
This stress moderator includes social support to reduce stress (family can ease stress of work or vice versa).
buffering
This stress moderator increases stress.
Procrastination.
This stress moderator reduces stress by seeing the positive side of things; it attracts more individuals to them.
sense of humor
This stress moderator includes 3 C’s. Name the modulator, and list and describe each ‘C’.
Hardiness
- control - hard work makes a difference (you can work hard to get an A / “I’m in control of my grade”).
- commitment - the person is enthusiastic about achieving a goal / seeing it through.
- challenge - the person does not avoid anxiety or escape from the problem; they face the problem head on.
