Ch 1 - Self-Awareness Flashcards
Sensitive line
The point at which individuals become defensive or protective when encountering information about themselves that is inconsistent with their self-concept or when encountering pressure to alter their behavior
Cognitive style
The manner in which individuals gather and evaluate information they receive. Refers to the inclination each person has to perceive, interpret, and respond to information in a certain way.
Dimensions of cognitive style
Individuals who score high on the knowing style tend to emphasize facts, details, and data.
Individuals who score high on the planning style tend to emphasize planning and preparation.
Individuals who score high on the creating style tend to focus on spontaneity and possibilities.
Ethical decision making
A well-developed set of moral principles used when making decisions.
Values maturity
The level of moral development displayed by individuals.
Tolerance of ambiguity
An individual’s ability to cope with ambiguous, fast-changing, or unpredictable situations in which information is incomplete, unclear, or complex.
Knowing cognitive style
Dimensions of cognitive style
Individuals who score high on the knowing style tend to emphasize facts, details, and data.
Planning cognitive style
Individuals who score high on the planning style tend to emphasize planning and preparation.
Creating cognitive style
Individuals who score high on the creating style tend to focus on spontaneity and possibilities.
Affective orientation
An emphasis on open displays of emotion and feeling as being acceptable, used in contrast to a neutral orientation.
Neutral orientation
An emphasis on rational and stoic approaches to problem solving.
Collectivism
An emphasis on the group, on the combined unit, and on joining with others.
As opposed to Individualism
Individualism
An emphasis on the self, on independence, and on uniqueness.
As opposed to Collectivism
Orientation of change
An individual’s adaptability to ever-increasing levels of ambiguity and turbulence
Personal values
An individual’s standards that define what is good or bad, worthwhile or worthless, desirable or undesirable, true or false, and moral or immoral.
The threat-rigidity response
The name of the response people demonstrate when they are threatened or encounter uncomfortable information, or when uncertainty is created; they tend to become rigid, and they hunker down, and protect themselves.
Dimensions of cultural values
Dimensions of cultural values
Particularism vs Universalism Individualism vs Collectivism Affective vs Neutral Specific vs Diffuse Achievement vs Ascription Past and Present vs Future Internal vs External
Emotional intelligence
Identifies emotional awareness and control
EQ, including self-awareness, has been identified as the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
IQ
IQ is not the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
What is the most important factor for success?
Emotional intelligence including self-awareness, has been identified as the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
IQ is not the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
Expertise is not the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
Longevity in a position is not the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
Expertise
Expertise is not the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
Longevity
Longevity in a position is not the most important factor in accounting for success in leaders and managers.
Kohlberg’s model
Kohlberg’s model (Values Maturity Model)
1st stage: Preconventional (self-centred) level includes:
- Punishment and Obedience
- Individual Instrumental Purpose and Exchange
2nd stage: Conventional (conformity) level includes:
- Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity. Right is being concerned about others’ feelings and maintaining trust by keeping expectations and commitments. The Golden Rule is relevant.
4: Social system and conscience maintenance. What is right is guided by internal, universal ethical principles. When laws violate principles, the law is ignored.
3rd stage: Postconventional (principled) level includes:
- : Prior rights and social contract or utility. This stage is where right is upholding the rights, values and contracts of others in society; moral behavior is freely chosen.
- Universal Ethical Principles. Right is guided by internal, universal ethical principles. When laws violate principles, the laws are ignored.
Attitudes toward change
Identifies adaptability and responsibility
Cognitive Style
Identifies information acquisition and evaluation
Values
Identifies persona standards and moral judgement
Core Self-evaluation
Identifies underlying personality attributes
Includes: Self-esteem Self-efficacy Emotional Stability Locus of control
Universalism vs Particularism
Universalism - societal rules and norms are valued
Particularism - Individual relationships are valued
Individualism vs Collectivism
Individualism - Individual contributions are valued
Collectivism - Team contributions are valued
Affective vs Neutral
Affective - Showing emotions is valued
Neutral - Unemotional responses are valued
Specific vs Diffuse
Specific - Segregating life’s roles is valued
Diffuse - Integrating life’s roles is valued
Achievement vs Ascription
Achievement - Personal accomplishment is valued
Ascription - Inherent attributes are valued
Past and Present vs Future
Past and Present - Past is tightly connected to the future
Future - Future is disconnected but valued
Internal vs External
Internal - Individual control is valued
External - Control comes from outside forces
Types of values
Instrumental values prescribe desirable standards of conduct or methods for attaining an end.
Terminal values prescribe desirable ends or goals for the individual.
Instrumental values
Instrumental values prescribe desirable standards of conduct or methods for attaining an end.
Two types: morality and competence
Violating moral values causes feelings of guilt (I did something bad). Violating competence values brings feelings of shame (I am bad).
Terminal values
Terminal values prescribe desirable ends or goals for the individual.
Two types: personal (ex peace of mind) and social (ex world peace)
Preconventional Stage
Kohlberg’s model (Values Maturity Model)
1st stage: Preconventional (self-centred) level includes:
- Punishment and Obedience
- Individual Instrumental Purpose and Exchange
2nd stage: Conventional (conformity) level includes:
- Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity. Right is being concerned about others’ feelings and maintaining trust by keeping expectations and commitments. The Golden Rule is relevant.
4: Social system and conscience maintenance. What is right is guided by internal, universal ethical principles. When laws violate principles, the law is ignored.
3rd stage: Postconventional (principled) level includes:
- : Prior rights and social contract or utility. This stage is where right is upholding the rights, values and contracts of others in society; moral behavior is freely chosen.
- Universal Ethical Principles. Right is guided by internal, universal ethical principles. When laws violate principles, the laws are ignored.
Conventional stage
Kohlberg’s model (Values Maturity Model)
2nd stage: Conventional (conformity) level includes:
- Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity. Right is being concerned about others’ feelings and maintaining trust by keeping expectations and commitments. The Golden Rule is relevant.
4: Social system and conscience maintenance. What is right is guided by internal, universal ethical principles. When laws violate principles, the law is ignored.
Postconventional stage
Kohlberg’s model (Values Maturity Model)
3rd stage: Postconventional (principled) level includes:
- : Prior rights and social contract or utility. This stage is where right is upholding the rights, values and contracts of others in society; moral behavior is freely chosen.
- Universal Ethical Principles. Right is guided by internal, universal ethical principles. When laws violate principles, the laws are ignored.
Locus of control
This is the second dimension of orientation towards change. (The other is tolerance of ambiguity.)
It is the attitude people develop regarding the extent to which they are in control of their own destinies. They can have an internal or external locus of control.
Internal locus of control
The belief that the individual is the cause of their own successes and failures
External locus of control
The belief that outside sources are the cause of an individuals successes and failures
