Ch 1 - Introduction

Question 1

Define Sociology (SHORT ANSWER #1)

Answer 1

The scientific study of human social relationships, groups and societies.

PICTURE:
Stick figure Globe

Question 2

Purpose of Sociology

Answer 2

To understand and generate knowledge on human behavior and social relations and institutions on a larger scale

Question 3

Sociological Imagination

Answer 3

The ability to grasp the relationships between individual lives and the larger social forces that shape them.

Personal troubles and public issues. Poor in Liberty City

Where biography and history intesect

Question 4

C. Wright Mills

Answer 4

Suggested the sociological imagination.

Half Marx half Weber, activist society with social responsibility.

Question 5

Agency

Answer 5

Ability to exercise free will and make social change on any scale

Question 6

Structure

Answer 6

Patterned social arrangements that affect agency.

Choices (agency) enabled or constrained by structure

Question 7

Rules of Critical Thinking (6)

Answer 7

Evaluate claims with reason.

1) Be willing to ask difficult questions
2) Think logically and clear
3) Back up arguments with evidence
4) Consider bias and assumptions
5) Avoid anecdotal evidence
6) Be willing to admit if you’re wrong

Question 8

Development of Sociological Thinking (4)

Answer 8

1) Scientific Revolution: Physicial science success, so human too
2) Enlightenment: Human rights (equality) were appealing sociological traits
3) Industrialization: Overpopulation/ghettos
4) Urbanization: Flock to cities

Question 9

Comte

Answer 9

Social physics, statistics, and dynamics.

Coined sociology.

Positivism: knowledge based off science and reasoning, everyone shares same reality. Use facts alone.

Question 10

Durkheim

Answer 10

Father of Sociology
Found societal patterns in suicide (personal thing)

Social Facts: group quality, not individuals, that constrain thinking. Behavior in soc 101 vs lecture hall. Group values edu, individual goes to college

Social bonds/mechanical solidarity (UM bond, division of labor) vs organic solidarity (based off mutual dependance)

Question 11

Marx

Answer 11

Historical materialism/feudalism
Class conflict and exploitation.
People lose creativity

Question 12

Weber

Answer 12

Verstehen: dif groups of people perceive the world differently
Beurocracies: hierarchal authority/written rules, promote efficiency. BAD! Lose creativity.

Question 13

Social Facts

Answer 13

Group quality that are external to individuals, yet constrain thinking/behavior

Religion had an influence on suicide rates. Protestant vs catholic.

Durkheim

Question 14

Solidarity

Answer 14

Bonds that unite members

Durkheim

Question 15

Bourgeoisie

Answer 15

Capitalist, property owning class

Marx

Question 16

Proletariat

Answer 16

The working class

Marx

Question 17

Class Conflict

Answer 17

Social class competition for money and power

Marx

Question 18

Capitalism

Answer 18

Free market economics

Question 19

Historical Materialism

Answer 19

Marx
economic; class divisions; One class exploits another --> this creates/defines society

Question 20

Social Relationships

Answer 20

Relationship between 2+ individuals

Question 21

Bureaucracies

Answer 21

Organizations with written rules, hierarchal authority, and a paid staff intended to promote efficiency

Lose creativity

Question 22

Micro

Answer 22

Individual Situations

Symbolic Interactionsism

Question 23

Macro

Answer 23

Large scale patterns and institutions

Structural functionalism and social conflict theory

Question 24

Functionalism

Answer 24

All parts of society contribute and serve a function to the entity as a whole

“What function does _______ serve for the maintenance of society?”

Domino effect if one fails

MACROtheory

Manifest/Latent Functions

Durkheim

Question 25

Conflict Theory

Answer 25

Explain society based off the conflict of social relationships

Conflict promotes change. (Haves vs. Have nots)

MACROtheory

Marx

Question 26

Symbolic Interactions (SI)

Answer 26

Aquire sense of who you are based of interactions with others through means of symbols. W/o interactions there is no society. Thumbs up/down. The bird etc. (shared meaning)

Labeling theory: Internalizing a label and acting that way

microTHEORY

Must look at macro (law making group) also

Question 27

Positivism

Answer 27

Knowledge based off science and reasoning, everyone shares same reality. Use facts alone.

Comte

Question 28

Social Facts

Answer 28

Group quality, not individual, that constrains thinking. Behavior in soc 101 vs lecture hall.

Group values education so the individual goes to college

Durkheim

Question 29

Robert Park (20th Century)

Answer 29

“Chicago School” of sociology

“Social ills” Liberty City & Overtown, relates to structure (I95)

Question 30

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 30

Double conscious: Being both black and an american citizen

Question 31

Merton

Answer 31

Theory of deviance, manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) function distinction

Question 32

Manifest function (functionalism)

Answer 32

Intentional Function

Question 33

Latent function (functionalism)

Answer 33

“Extra” benefits you get

Question 34

Disfunction (functionalism)

Answer 34

cost to education, standardized testing etc.

Question 35

Labeling theory (Symbolic Interactions, SI)

Answer 35

Internalizing a label and acting that way