Ch 1: Effects of Controls Flashcards
Relative Airflow, (RAF) & how it acts? (Pg 9)
Direction of airflow, acts parallel and opposite to direction of flight path.
Angle of Attack (AoA) (Pg 9)
Angle between chord line and Rel. Airflow.
Axis (Pg 9)
Imaginary line which object/body (aircraft) rotates.
Centre of Gravity (CoG) (Pg 9)
Point at which gravity can be considered to act through. In uniform gravity it is equal to centre of mass
Aerofoil (Pg 9)
Cross-section of shape designed to generate lift as it moves through liquid or gas
Camber (Pg 9)
Curvature of aerofoil. Measured at the maximum distance between the mean camber line and chord line.
4 factors which will affect the Total Reaction (Pg 9)
Angle, Airspeed (speed of Airflow), Area (surface area of the flight control), Air Density
Lateral Axis (Pg 10) –>
Pitch
Normal/Vertical Axis (Pg 10) –>
Yaw
Longitudinal Axis (Pg 10) –>
Roll
Where do the 3 axes meet? (Pg 10)
Centre of Gravity (CoG)
Aileron primary effect is… (Pg 11)
Roll
Why primary effect of aileron… (Pg 11)
The opposite aileron of turn deflects down into RAF = increase of lift, and downward force on turning side aileron
Rudder primary effect is… (Pg 11)
Yaw
Why rudder primary effect is… (Pg 11)
eg. To yaw right, right pedal pushed = rudded deflected right, causing RAF to move tail left, causing yaw right.
Stabliator/Elevator primary effect is… (Pg 11)
Pitch
Why stabliator/elevator primary effect is… (Pg 11)
Stabliator deflects into direction of control column into RAF causing increase in lift
Aileron secondary effect is… (Pg 11)
Yaw
Why aileron secondary effect is… (Pg 11)
2 components to this reaction:
- Down-going aileron will suffer increase in drag = Adverse Yaw, (acts contrary to direction of roll), can be combated with use of rudder.
- Sideslip or sideways sliding motion towards down-going wing causing yaw in direction of roll
Define Adverse Yaw (Pg 11)
Undesirable tendency to yaw in opposite direction of roll
Rudder secondary effect is… (Pg 12)
Roll
Why rudder secondary effect is… (Pg 12)
When yawed, advancing wing travelling at higher speeds and generates more lift, imbalance of lift causes roll in same direction as yaw.
Stabliator/Elevator secondary effect is… (Pg 12)
No secondary effect/Airspeed
Why Stabliator/Elevator secondary effect is… (Pg 12)
Change in pitch change in airspeed occurs
Engineer’s Lift Formula (Pg 12)
Lift = (CL)(1/2)(PV∧2)(S)
At higher IAS, ALL surface controls become… (Pg 12)
More sensitive and more effective
If engineer’s formula is considered, as V (velocity) over control surface is increased, lift generated will… (Pg 12)
Increase
Carburettor Heat is… (Pg 13)
Ancillary/Secondary controls
Carby heat is used to… (Pg 13)
Direct hor air into carburettor to prevent/melt ice
Mixture is… (Pg 13)
Ancillary/Secondary controls
Mixture is used to… (Pg 13)
Adjust fuel to air ratio to achieve optimum engine performance/economy at different altitudes
Throttle is… (Pg 14)
Ancillary/Secondary controls
Throttle is used to… (Pg 14)
Responsible for governing propeller RPM/Power
Flaps are… (Pg 15)
Ancillary/Secondary controls
Flaps are used to… (Pg 15)
Increase lift, or increase drag
Trim is… (Pg 15)
Ancillary/Secondary controls
Trim is used to… (Pg 15)
Relieve control pressures in steady flight
What speed is used to taxi? (Pg 16)
1000 rpm
