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CFD Pump Operator > Ch. 1 Characteristics/Principles Of Water > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Characteristics/Principles Of Water Flashcards

1
Q

If the nozzle is at a higher elevation than the pump, the static nozzle pressure will be ______ the pressure at the pump.

A

Lower than

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2
Q

The damaging force created by quickly stopping the water that is flowing in a closed system is known as…

A

Water hammer

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3
Q

Friction loss is caused by

A

Kinks and bends
Movement of water in the hose
Couplings

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4
Q

Friction loss is reduced by using…

A

Larger diameter hose.
Reducing the length of hose being used.
Minimizing sharp bends or kinks.

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5
Q

What are the ways water can extinguish a fire?

A

It can cool or absorb heat from the fire, as well as smother fires. Water may also be used to smother combustible liquids whose specific gravity is higher than 1 (heavier than water). Smothering may also occur when water converts to steam within an enclosed space.

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6
Q

What are some advantages of using water as an extinguishing agent?

A
  • Great at absorbing heat
  • A large amount of heat is required to change water to steam, allowing more heat to be absorbed from the fire.
  • The greater the surface area of water exposed, the more rapidly heat is absorbed.
  • Inexpensive and readily available.
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7
Q

What are some disadvantages of using water as an extinguishing agent?

A
  • High surface tension that makes it difficult to soak into dense materials.
  • In cold climates, the freezing of water may create operational problems.
  • Water is a conductor of electricity.
  • Water is relatively heavy and can compromise a structure.
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8
Q

What are the different types of pressure?

A

Atmospheric pressure
Head pressure
Static pressure
Normal operating pressure
Residual pressure
Flow pressure

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9
Q

What is the first principle of friction loss?

A

If all other conditions are the same, friction loss varies directly with the length of the hose or pipe.

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10
Q

What is the second principle of friction loss?

A

When hoses are the same size, friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of flow.

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11
Q

What is the third principle of friction loss?

A

For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of the diameter of the hose.

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12
Q

What is the fourth principle of friction loss?

A

For a given velocity, friction loss is approximately the same, regardless of the pressure on the water.

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13
Q

What are the various means of moving water for a system?

A

Direct pumping system
Gravity system
Combination system

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14
Q

What are the purposes of a private water supply system?

A

To provide water strictly for fire protection
To provide water for sanitary and fire protection
To provide water for fire protection and manufacturing

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15
Q

How much is ordinary fresh water considered to weigh for fire protection purposes?

A

1 kg/L

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16
Q

Water may be used to smother fires in which type of combustible liquid?

A

Combustible liquids whose specific gravity is higher than 1.

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17
Q

Compared to common extinguishing agents, water has:

A

a greater heat absorbing capacity.

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18
Q

Water has a high surface tension that makes it

A

somewhat difficult to soak into dense materials.

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19
Q

What is the most likely reason wetting agents may be mixed with water?

A

To reduce its surface tension and increase its penetrating ability.

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20
Q

What best describes the first principle of pressure?

A

Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface in which it acts.

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21
Q

What best describes the second principle of pressure?

A

Fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest is the same intensity in all directions.

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22
Q

What best describes the third principle of pressure?

A

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.

23
Q

What best describes the fourth principle of pressure?

A

The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth.

24
Q

What best describes the fifth principle of pressure?

A

The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportionately to the density of the liquid.

25
Q

What best describes the sixth principle of pressure?

A

The pressure of a liquid at the bottom of a vessel is independent of the shape of the vessel.

26
Q

Any pressure less than atmospheric is referred to as a

A

vacuum

27
Q

Which of the following BEST refers to the height of water above the discharge orifice?
Head pressure
Static pressure
Residual pressure
Normal operating pressure

A

Head Pressure

28
Q

Stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, hose and adapters is…

A

Static pressure

29
Q

What best describes the term elevation in the fire service?

A

The centre line of the pump or the bottom of a static water supply source above or below ground.

30
Q

What best describes the term altitude in the fire service?

A

The position of an object in relation to sea level

31
Q

What is the term that refers to the total pressure lost while forcing water through pipes, fittings, and adapters?

A

Friction loss

32
Q

Which of the flooring is MOST likely to cause friction loss in the fire hose.
Improper gasket size
Use of newer nozzles
Mixing equipment brands
Inexperienced personnel on the hose

A

Improper gasket size

33
Q

What best describes the first principle of friction loss

A

If all conditions are the same, friction loss varies directly with length of hose or pipe.

34
Q

What best describes the second principle of friction loss…

A

This principle illustrates that friction loss develops much faster than the change in velocity.

35
Q

What best describes the third principle of friction loss…

A

For the same discharge, friction loss varies inversely as the fifth power of the diameter of the hose.

36
Q

The fourth principle of friction loss states that for a given velocity, friction loss:

A

is approximately the same, regardless of pressure on the water.

37
Q

Does a larger diameter hose provide an advantage with friction loss

A

Yes. Larger diameter hose provides an advantage in less friction loss

38
Q

Which of the following determines velocity for a given volume of water?
Appliances
Water source
Diameter of hose
Ambient temperature

A

Diameter of hose

39
Q

Friction loss in a water system

A

increases as length of hose and pipe increases.

40
Q

Employing proper hose handling techniques can usually minimize friction loss caused by

A

sharp bends in the hose

41
Q

When a large volume of water is needed during a large incident, the fire department should

A

request that the water utility department increase pressure

42
Q

Which would best describe where the primary water supply is obtained?
Cistern
Water tower
Water treatment facility
Surface water or ground water

A

Surface water or ground water

43
Q

What is an accurate description about the water needs of a community?

A

In cities, domestic/industrial requirements far exceed that required for fire protection.

44
Q

Which means of moving water uses a primary source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system?

A

Gravity system

45
Q

Water from water storage systems in a community, such as cisterns may be…

A

available for fire protection

46
Q

The fire department’s main concern regarding treatment facilities is that

A

maintenance failure or other events could disable pumping stations or severely hamper the purification process.

47
Q

A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction is known as a

A

dead end hydrant

48
Q

This consists of a network of intermediate sized pipes that reinforce the grid within various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of required fire flow at any point.

A

Secondary feeders

49
Q

What is the function of a valve in a water distribution system?

A

To provide a means for controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping.

50
Q

Which type of valve shows whether the ate or valve seat is open, closed, or partially closed?

A

Indicating valve

51
Q

Which type of valve has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem that controls the gate’s opening or closing?

A

Outside screw and yoke

52
Q

Friction loss in water pipes can be reduced by

A

flushing hydrants periodically

53
Q

When a property is served by two sources of water supply for fire protection, the municipal system and a private source consisting of non potable water, why must they remain separate?

A

to prevent cross contamination

54
Q

What can be stated about older fire hose in regards to friction loss…

A

Friction loss in older fire hoses can be 50% greater than new hoses

CFD Pump Operator (15 decks)

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