Ch 1 Flashcards
Characters of Living Organisms
Cellular organization, ordered complexity, sensitivity to environment, reproduction, energy utilization, homeostasis, evolutionary adaptation
Cellular Level
Cell is the basic unity of life
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells
Organismal Level
Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems
Hierarchical Organization
Population, Species, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Deductive Reasoning
Uses general principles to make specific predictions
Inductive Reasoning
Uses specific observations to develop general conclusions
5 step approach
Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, conclusion
Def of hypothesis
A possible explanation for an observation
A hypothesis…
Must be tested to determine its validity
Tested in different ways
Allows for predictions to be made
Iterative
Hypothesis can be changed and refines with new data
Reductionism
To break a complex process to its simpler parts
Systems Biology
Focus on emergent properties that can’t be understood by looking at simpler parts
Scientific Theory
Is supported by much experimental evidence and scientific reasoning
Basic research
Intended to extend the boundaries of what we know
Applied research
Foundation provided by basic research
Manufacture of goods such as food additives or drugs
Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
All life requires…?
Energy
Photosynthetic organisms
Transform solar energy into chemical energy as matter (carbohydrates)
Organisms, such as humans, transform
Chemical energy into other forms of energy (kinetic) and matter (proteins)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Sequence of 4 nucleotides encode cells information
Gene
Discrete unit of information
Genome
Entire set of DNA instructions
The water molecule is a
Polar molecule
The opposite ends have opposite charges
Polarity allows water…
Molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other
Water properties that facilitate an environment for life…
Cohesive behavior
Ability to moderate temperature
Expansion upon freezing
Versatility as a solvent
Cohesion
Hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together
Surface Tension
A measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid
Surface tension is related to cohesion
Cohesion helps with…
Transport water against gravity in plants
Adhesion
An attraction between different substances
Ex. Between water and plant call walls
Water absorbs heat from…
Warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air