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Medical Terminology > Ch. 02 The Human Body in Health and Disease > Flashcards

Ch. 02 The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid

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2
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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3
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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4
Q

-ology

A

the science or study of

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5
Q

-pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling emotion

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6
Q

-plasia

A

development, growth, formation

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7
Q

-stasis, -static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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8
Q

A & P

A

anatomy and physiology

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9
Q

abdominal cavity

A

abdomen
contains major organs of digestion

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10
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

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11
Q

aden /o

A

gland

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12
Q

adip /o

A

fat

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13
Q

adipose

A

connective tissue,
fat
provides protective padding, insulation and support

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14
Q

anter /o

A

before, front

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15
Q

bilateral

A

having two sides

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16
Q

caud /o

A

lower part of body, tail

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17
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail

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18
Q

CD

A

communicable disease

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19
Q

cephal /o

A

head

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20
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

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21
Q

CH, chr

A

chromosome

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22
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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23
Q

connective tissue

A

supports and connects organs and other body tissues

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24
Q

crani /o

A

skull

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25
Q

cranial cavity

A

in the skull
surrounds and protects the brain

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26
Q

cyt /o

A

cell

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27
Q

dense tissue

A

connective tissue
bones and cartilage,
forms the joints and framework of the body

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28
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

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29
Q

distal

A

farthest from the midline

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30
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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31
Q

dorsal

A

back of organ or body

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32
Q

dorsal cavity

A

contains cranial cavity and spinal cavity

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33
Q

end-

A

in, within, inside

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34
Q

endo-

A

in, within, inside

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35
Q

endocrine glands

A

produces hormones,
do not have ducts,
secretes directly into blood stream

36
Q

endothelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs

37
Q

epid

A

epidemic

38
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of the body
also forms glands

39
Q

epithelium

A

specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and surface layers of mucous membranes

40
Q

exo-

A

out of, outside, away from

41
Q

exocrine glands

A

secretes chemical substances into ducts that lead to either other organs or out of the body

42
Q

frontal plane

A

coronal plane, vertical plane, divides body into front and back

43
Q

gamete

A

sperm or egg
23 single chromosomes
in egg, one will be an X
in sperm, one will be an X or a Y.

44
Q

gastr /o

A

stomach

45
Q

GP

A

general practicioner

46
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s disease

47
Q

hist /o

A

tissue

48
Q

horizontal plane

A

flat, crosswise plane, the horizon

49
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
ex: severe burns from radiation therapy

50
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

an illness without know cause

51
Q

infectious disease

A

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms

52
Q

lateral

A

nearer the side of the body, away from the midline

53
Q

liquid tissue

A

connective tissue,
blood and lymph,
transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body

54
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

55
Q

loose tissue

A

connective tissue,
surrounds various organs and supports nerve cells and blood vessels

56
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

57
Q

medial

A

nearer the midline

58
Q

mesentery

A

fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum,
attaches parts of the intestine to interior abdominal wall

59
Q

midsagittal plane

A

midline, vertical plane, divides body into equal left and right halves

60
Q

muscle tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax

61
Q

nerve tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

62
Q

nosocomial infection

A

disease acquired in a hospital/clinical setting
ex: MRSA

63
Q

PA

A

physician assitant

64
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of peritoneum,
lines the interior of the abdominal wall

65
Q

path /o

A

disease, suffering, feeling emotion

66
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space formed by hip bones
contains organs of reproduction and excretory systems

67
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

68
Q

plas /i, plas /o

A

development, growth, formation

69
Q

poster /o

A

behind, toward the back

70
Q

proximal

A

nearest the midline

71
Q

quadrants of the abdomen

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

72
Q

regions of thorax and abdomen

A

right and left hypochondriac regions
epigastric region
right and left lumbar regions
umbilical region
right and left iliac regions
hypogastric region

73
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

74
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

75
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

76
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane, divides body into left and right

77
Q

somatic cell

A

any cell in the body except for the gametes
46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs

78
Q

spinal cavity

A

in the spinal column
surrounds and protects the spinal cord

79
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells

80
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity, thorax
surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

81
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower

82
Q

ventral

A

front of organ or body, belly side

83
Q

ventral cavity

A

contains thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity;
contains body organs that sustain homeostasis,

84
Q

vertical plane

A

up and down plane at right angle to horizon

85
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of the peritoneum,
surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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