Ch. 02 The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards
-centesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid
-cyte
cell
-ologist
specialist
-ology
the science or study of
-pathy
disease, suffering, feeling emotion
-plasia
development, growth, formation
-stasis, -static
control, maintenance of a constant level
A & P
anatomy and physiology
abdominal cavity
abdomen
contains major organs of digestion
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal and pelvic cavities
aden /o
gland
adip /o
fat
adipose
connective tissue,
fat
provides protective padding, insulation and support
anter /o
before, front
bilateral
having two sides
caud /o
lower part of body, tail
caudal
toward the tail
CD
communicable disease
cephal /o
head
cephalic
toward the head
CH, chr
chromosome
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
connective tissue
supports and connects organs and other body tissues
crani /o
skull
cranial cavity
in the skull
surrounds and protects the brain
cyt /o
cell
dense tissue
connective tissue
bones and cartilage,
forms the joints and framework of the body
diaphragm
muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
distal
farthest from the midline
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
dorsal
back of organ or body
dorsal cavity
contains cranial cavity and spinal cavity
end-
in, within, inside
endo-
in, within, inside
endocrine glands
produces hormones,
do not have ducts,
secretes directly into blood stream
endothelium
specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs
epid
epidemic
epithelial tissue
protective covering for all internal and external surfaces of the body
also forms glands
epithelium
specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and surface layers of mucous membranes
exo-
out of, outside, away from
exocrine glands
secretes chemical substances into ducts that lead to either other organs or out of the body
frontal plane
coronal plane, vertical plane, divides body into front and back
gamete
sperm or egg
23 single chromosomes
in egg, one will be an X
in sperm, one will be an X or a Y.
gastr /o
stomach
GP
general practicioner
HD
Huntington’s disease
hist /o
tissue
horizontal plane
flat, crosswise plane, the horizon
iatrogenic illness
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
ex: severe burns from radiation therapy
idiopathic disorder
an illness without know cause
infectious disease
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms
lateral
nearer the side of the body, away from the midline
liquid tissue
connective tissue,
blood and lymph,
transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
LLQ
left lower quadrant
loose tissue
connective tissue,
surrounds various organs and supports nerve cells and blood vessels
LUQ
left upper quadrant
medial
nearer the midline
mesentery
fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum,
attaches parts of the intestine to interior abdominal wall
midsagittal plane
midline, vertical plane, divides body into equal left and right halves
muscle tissue
contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
nerve tissue
contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
nosocomial infection
disease acquired in a hospital/clinical setting
ex: MRSA
PA
physician assitant
parietal peritoneum
outer layer of peritoneum,
lines the interior of the abdominal wall
path /o
disease, suffering, feeling emotion
pelvic cavity
space formed by hip bones
contains organs of reproduction and excretory systems
peri-
surrounding
plas /i, plas /o
development, growth, formation
poster /o
behind, toward the back
proximal
nearest the midline
quadrants of the abdomen
right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant
regions of thorax and abdomen
right and left hypochondriac regions
epigastric region
right and left lumbar regions
umbilical region
right and left iliac regions
hypogastric region
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RUQ
right upper quadrant
sagittal plane
vertical plane, divides body into left and right
somatic cell
any cell in the body except for the gametes
46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs
spinal cavity
in the spinal column
surrounds and protects the spinal cord
stem cells
unspecialized cells
thoracic cavity
chest cavity, thorax
surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
transverse plane
horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower
ventral
front of organ or body, belly side
ventral cavity
contains thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and pelvic cavity;
contains body organs that sustain homeostasis,
vertical plane
up and down plane at right angle to horizon
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of the peritoneum,
surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
