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PARASITOLOGY LEC > CESTODES > Flashcards

CESTODES Flashcards

1
Q

Cestodes

A

tapeworms

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2
Q

Trematodes

A

flukes

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3
Q

Tape-like dorsoventrally flattened segmented bilaterally symmetrical

Endoparasites the - adults stages are found in the ___________of humans
Hermaphroditic or_____________

A
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4
Q
  • Acoelomic - ___________
    Alimentary tract (Digestive system) is __________

Body is covered by cuticle or tegument where the nutrient absorption and gas exchange takes place
* Also protects the worm from digestive enzymes

A
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5
Q

What are the general body shape of a tapeworm

A

a. scolex
b. neck
c. strobila made up of proglottids

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6
Q

Parts of a Cestode
The adult worm is divided into 3 distinct parts:

A
  1. head
  2. neck
  3. strobila/proglottids
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7
Q

_________________ may usually be provided with suckers and rostellum to attach for attachment to the intestinal wall

A

Head

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8
Q

_____________ has actively dividing cells

A

neck

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9
Q

_____________ the long segmented body consists of segments of

A

Strobila/Proglottids:

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10
Q

Strobila

___________which immediately follow the neck region

A

the immature regions

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11
Q

Strobila

_______________ containing both sex organs and are responsible for reproduction (testes and ovaries are prominent)

A

the mature segments

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12
Q

Strobila

_____________ UTERUS filled with fertilized eggs.

A

the gravid segments

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13
Q

_____________ is defined as one that does not have a fully mature reproductive system and is without eggs.

A

immature proglottids

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14
Q

______________each have genital organs consisting of about ________ and a _______The gravid proglottids are found in the last fifth of the worm and also contain uterus, vitellaria and genital pore
uterus

A

Mature proglottids
testes
vagina

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15
Q

_____________ uterus filled with eggs
contains

May or may not undergo apolysis

A

Gravid proglottids

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16
Q

Cestodes: Tapeworms
Development of proglottids

  • New proglottids bud from the ______.
  • As they are pushed back, they ______ and ______ are produced.
  • When filled with eggs, they are “_______” proglottids. Eggs are sometime released in _________, but often are retained within the segment.
A

neck
mature and eggs
gravid
feces

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17
Q

___________

Spatulate head with slit like grooves called ___________
Suctorial- groove (bothrium)
* Not provided with _________ and _______

A

Pseudophyllidean

bothria
suckers and rostellum

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18
Q

Pseudophyllidean

Pseudophyllidean

OWU
Ovum is __________
With ___________
___________ ovum

A

operculated
posterior knob
unembryonated ovum

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19
Q

Cyclophyllideans
__________ or __________ with suckers & rostellum
Ovum is ___________

A

Globular or cup shaped
nonoperculated

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20
Q

pseudophyllideans have __________and midline __________

A

uterine pores
midline genital pores

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21
Q

Release of eggs

Pseudophyllideans release their eggs via ___________
Cyclophyllideans discharge gravid proglottids to release eggs because they _______________

A
22
Q

_______________is convoluted nonbranching tubes (rosette formation)

A

The uterus of Pseudophyllideans

23
Q

______________have lateral branches

A

The uteri of cyclophyllidean

24
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

  • Definitive host:
  • Intermediate hosts:
    1st (what stage is present?)
  • 2nd (what stage is present?)
    Diagnostic stage:
  • Infective stage:
A

Definitive host: humans
* Intermediate hosts:
1st (cpepods/cyclops)procercoid larva
* 2nd (freshwater/fish)plerocercoid larva
Diagnostic stage: unembryonated ovum
* Infective stage: plerocercoid larva
predatory fishes: paratenic hosts

25
Q

two example of cope pods are ______ and ________

A

cyclops and diaptomus

26
Q

example of diphyllobothrium latum

A

Pike, Burbot, Perch, Arctic Char, Salmon.

27
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum: _________________

A

Plerocercoid larva

28
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum
Other names: _________ and _________
2-4mm tall x 10-12mm wide

A

Fish tapeworm
Broad tapeworm

29
Q

___________
Adult worm is _________ in color
________ long (longest tapeworm)
10 m 32 ft
__________ proglottids
* __________ markings in the proglottids
Can live from _______years

A

Diphyllobothrium latum
yellowish
3-10 m long
3000-4000
dark central
5-10

30
Q

________
Has slit like grooves called two______
_________/ suckers and rostellum

A

Scolex
bothria
no acetabula

31
Q

Ovum
Diagnostic stage
* 58-76um by 40-51um
* _______
Operculated ova with terminal knob at the__________

A

oval
posterior end

32
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

  • Uterine pore middle, _________
    ___________ is found on the ventral side or in the midline
    Copyright Scimnifier
A

discharge eggs
genital pores

33
Q

(Rosette Uterus in the midline)

A

Gravid proglottid

34
Q

Pathogenesis

  • Some patients may not show signs of disease
  • Abdominal discomfort, loss of weight, malnutrition
  • Mechanical obstruction if there is large number of worms
    Competes with Vitamin B12 with the host
  • Vitamin B 12 deficiency (ileum) resulting to ___________
A

megaloblastic anemia

35
Q

Vitamin B12 - (Cyano) Cobalamin
Functions
____________ cell formation
____________ maintains myelin sheath around nerves
Helps treat ____________

Deficiency
Megaloblastic anaemia
Nerve degeneration

A

Red blood
Nervous system
pernicious anaemia

36
Q

Treatment and Prevention for diphyllobothrium latum

A

Treatment and Prevention
Praziquantel
* Scolex must be recovered to ensure full recovery
* If scolex is not recovered, a repeat stool exam after 3 months of treatment should be requested to ensure that patient is no longer infected
* All freshwater fishes should be thoroughly cooked
Freezing for 24-48hrs at a temperature of -18 degree Celsius will kill the plerocercoid larvae
Proper human waste disposal

37
Q

Life cycle
* Humans acquire sparganosis by either drinking water contaminated with infected copepods or consuming the flesh of an under-cooked second intermediate host.

  • Humans cannot serve as ___________ for Spirometra spp., but serve as ____________intermediate hosts
A

defintive host
paratenic host or second intermediate host

38
Q

_________ Signs and symptoms
* Migrating ___________ cause various symptoms depending on the final location in the host.
_________ may locate anywhere, including -__________

A

Sparganosis
spargana
subcutaneous tissue, muscles, breast, orbit, urinary tract, pleural cavity, lungs, abdominal viscera and the central nervous system

39
Q

What are the different sparganosis example

A

cerebral sparganosis
subcutaneous sparganosis
ocular sparganosis

40
Q

Treatment and Prevention for sparganosis

Praziquantel
Surgical removal of the sparganum

A

Boiling of water
Cooking thoroughly the meat of second intermediate hosts
Avoid applying poultice on inflamed areas of the skin
Health education
Proper human waste disposal

41
Q

Dipylidium caninum

Diagnostic stage:
Infective stage:
Definitive host:
* Intermediate host:

A
42
Q

Dipylidium caninum
___________
* Common intestinal parasite of dogs and cats

Presence of bilateral genial pores
* Di means 2, pylis means gate/entrance
* Double pored tapeworm

______________
* _______ cm long with ______proglottids in the strobila

A

Dog tapeworm
flea tapeworm
10-70 200 proglottids

43
Q

Dipylidium caninum looks like a ________

A

pumpkin seed

44
Q

Dipylidium caninum : ______

The ________ has ____ suckers and protusible rostellum with ________ rows of _____________
Suckers are ____________

A

scolex
1-7 rows
rose thorn-shaped hooklets.

45
Q

Dipylidium caninum : mature segment

___________ shaped proglottids with the presence of __________

2 sets of _________ and reproductive system organs

A

pumpkin seed shape
bilateral genital pores
male

46
Q

Dipylidium caninum have _____________

A

gravid proglottids

47
Q

Dipylidium caninum ova packets of ________ eggs enclosed in a capsule with_____________
Six-Hooked Onconosphere
Size Range of Each Egg: _______ um in diameter

A

8-15 eggs
hexacanth embryo
30-60

48
Q

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
Light infections - ___________
Heavy infections
__________
Acquired through the ingestion of flea
____________

A

asymptomatics

IEDA
* Intestinal discomfort,
epigastric pain,
diarrhea
* Allergic reactions

CCP
Ctenocephalides canis
* Ctenophalides felis
Pulex irritans

49
Q

Dipylidium caninum: intermediate host
Ctenocephalides canis ___________
Ctenocephalides felis ____________

A

dog flea
cat flea

50
Q

Dipylidium caninum
* The __________- are ______ when freshly passed and may be mistaken for maggots or fly larvae.
* The ___________, which are capable of moving several inches per hour, either creep out of the anus or are passed intact in the feces and release typical egg packets.

A

proglottids- motile
gravid proglottids

51
Q

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention for dipylidium caninum

A

Stool sample
Recovery of gravid proglottids or eggs
Praziquantel
Deworming of dogs and cats
* Insecticides
Health education

52
Q

Cestodes
*____________ (flame cells and collecting ducts) are present for excretion of waste products
* ___________ and __________ are for the sensation
* The main nerve centre of a cestode is a ____________
Nerves emanate from the ganglion to supply the general body muscular and sensory endings, with two lateral nerve cords running the length of the strobila.

A

protonephridia
nerve ganglion and collecting ducts
cerebral ganglion in its scolex

PARASITOLOGY LEC (11 decks)

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