Cervical Spine Flashcards
Divisions of Cervical Spine
Cervicoencephalic/cervicocranial/craniovertebral
atlanto-occipital (C0-C1)
Antlanto-axial (C1-C2)
Cervicobrachial (C3-C7)
Majority of cervical rot. Occurs here
Cervicocephalic Region
more ligaments found this area compared to cervicobrachial area
Cervicocephalic Region
Cervicocephalic Region, Injury can lead to:
cognitive dysfunction :?
cranial nerve dysfunction : ?
sympathetic system dysfunction
Injury can lead to:
cognitive dysfunction : slower to response
cranial nerve dysfunction : brainstem
sympathetic system dysfunction
Most mobile articulations of spine
Atlanto-axial
Connects C2 to C0 (ligament)
Tectorial Membrane
Hangman’s fracture may occur at what level of the cervical region?
C2
Atlanto-axial, Principal motion:
Flex - Extend (?? deg) ;
side flexion (?? deg) ;
Rotation (?? deg) primary movement
Flex - Extend (10 deg) ;
side flexion (5 deg) ;
Rotation (50 deg) primary movement
COMMON SITE OF ARTHRITIS in the cervical region
RA - C4 & C5
OA - C5 & C6
jefferson’s fracture is located at what level of the cervical region?
C1
T or F
C5 - C7 most mobile (Whole Cervical Region)
FALSE
C5 - C6 most mobile (Whole Cervical Region)
Clay Shoveler’s fracture may occur at what level of the cervical region?
C7
Tests the integrity of the tectorial membrane
Pettman’s Distraction Test
make up 25% of cervical spine height
lordotic shape of cervical spine
Intervertebral discs
CERVICOBRACHIAL REGION is C?-C?
CERVICOBRACHIAL REGION involved C3-C7
Intervertebral discs
Inner portion = ??
Outer Portion = ???
*There is no disc between occiput and c1, even in c1 and c2
Inner portion = Nucleus Pulposus
Outer Portion = Annulus Fibrosus
There is no disc between occiput and c1, even in c1 and c2
T or F
Disc = segment above
Nerve = Segment below
TRUE
Spondylolysis is ?
Pain: Unilateral or Bilateral?
Spondylolysis is a stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae’
Pain: Unilateral
Spondylosis occurs beacuse of?
Disc thins
Wear and tear, Age, occupational factors
anterior slippage of the vertebrae is called?
narrowing of space - spinal cord and nerves are affected?
Spondylolisthesis - ant slippage of vertebral disc
Stenosis - spinal stenosis ; narrowing of space - spinal cord and nerves are affected (pain: uni or bilateral)
Passes through transverse processes
supplies 20% of blood supply to brain
Can be compressed by osteophyte formation of injury to facet joint
VERTEBRAL ARTERY
T or F
VERTEBRAL ARTERY can’t be stressed by rotation, extension, and lateral flexion and traction movement
FASLE
can be stressed by rotation, extension, and lateral flexion and traction movement
What is the Resting position, Closed Packed, and Capsular pattern of the cervical region/spine??
Resting: Midway between flexion and extension
Closed packed: Full extension
Capsular pattern: Side flexion and rotation equally limited extension
: one vertebra is slipped under the vertebra
stenosis spinal cord
spondylolisthesis
Normal posture of the Head and Neck?
normal posture : ear in line with shoulder and forehead vertical
upper crossed syndrome muscle imbalance resulting from?
upper crossed syndrome muscle imbalance resulting from \
tight and weak muscles crossing the upper part of the body
In the forward head posture what muscles are tight?
tight: capital extensors
rectus capitis posterior
rectus capitis obliquus
cervical flexors: SCM, scalenes
In forward head posture what muscles are weak?
WEAK: deep neck flexors
rectus capitis ant. lateralis
What position of the pt has the most ROM?>
Supine
FUNCTIONALASSESSMENT
ADLs
functional strength tests
whiplash disability questionnaire (WDQ)
bournemouth questionnaire
neck disability index (NDI)
OM’s = interpretation of scores
⬆️ score = ? progress
⬆️ score = ? disability
OM’s = interpretation of scores
⬆️ score = ⬆️ progress
⬆️ score = ⬆️ disability
SPECIAL TESTS:
muscle strength
neurological symptoms
myelopathy
vascular signs
cervical instability
cervical spine mobility
first rib mobility
in special test how many test do you perform for Rule in and Rule out?
2 rule in, 1 rule out
What nerve is being tested?
ULTT 1 =
ULTT 2 =
ULTT 3 =
ULTT 4 =
ULTT 1 = median nerve, ant. interosseous nerve, c5, c6,c7
ULTT 2= median, axillary, and musculocutaneous nerve
ULTT 3 = radial nerve
ULTT 4 = ulnar
important component of cervical spine assessment
not proven to be conclusive affective in indicating stretching and occlusion of the vertebral artery or internal carotid artery
VASCULAR “CLEARING” TESTS
do decrease risk of catastrophic complications when doing end-range mobilization or manipulation
test patient in position in which treatment will be hiven
VASCULAR “CLEARING” TESTS
ROM of Flexion/Extension of the Neck/cervical region?
0-45 deg
Rom of Rotation of the Neck/Cervical area?
?? - 60 deg
What region is the c3-c7 called?
Cervicobrachial
How many facet joints are in the cervical spine?
14
Uncinate Joint
false type of joint d/t degradation of IV disc
uncus gives saddle form to upper aspect of cervical vertebrae
Joints of Luschka
Joints of Luschka limits what movement?
Flexion
