cerebrovascular

Question 1

Two types of cerebral oedema

Answer 1

vasogenic, cytotoxic

Question 2

two types of hydrocephalus

Answer 2

non communicating communicating

Question 3

what is normal icp

Answer 3

7-15mmhg

Question 4

types of cerebral herniation

Answer 4

subfalcine, transtentorial, tonsiliar

Question 5

what ratio of people with TIA get stroke in next 5 years

Answer 5

1/3

Question 6

what are most haemorrhagic strokes caused by

Answer 6

hypertension >50%

Question 7

how does haemorrhagic stroke present

Answer 7

severe headache, vomiting, rapid loss of conciousmes, focal neuro signs

Question 8

when do avm malformation sbecome symptomatic

Answer 8

between 20-50 years

Question 9

what is prognosis of avm malformation

Answer 9

high pressure so massive bleeding, seen on angiography, morbidity 50-80% after rupture, mortality 10-18 %, treatment surgery, embolisation, radio surgery

Question 10

what is cavernous angioma

Answer 10

well defined malformative lesion composed of packed vessels with no parenchyma intersposed - presents with headache seizure, focal deficity, low pressure recurrent bleeds,

Question 11

how does SAH present

Answer 11

sudden onset severe headache, vomiting, LOC,

Question 12

what is infarction

Answer 12

tissue death due to ischaemia

Question 13

commonest cause of infarction

Answer 13

cerebral atherosclerosis

Question 14

where is the worst atherosclerosis

Answer 14

large vessels particularly near carotid bifurcation or basilar artery

Question 15

what are contusions

Answer 15

brain colliding with skull, causes surface bruising, if pia mater torn becomes laceration,

Question 16

what is diffuse axonal injury

Answer 16

occurs at moment of injury, shear and tensile forces affecting acons, commonst cuase of come, midline structures particularly affected e.g. corpus callosum

Question 17

what does chronic traumatic encephalopathy lead to

Answer 17

dementia