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Neuro 2 > Cerebral vasculature and cerebrovascular disorders > Flashcards

Cerebral vasculature and cerebrovascular disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior blood supply to the brain?

A

Internal carotid artery

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2
Q

What is the significance of the circle of Willis?

A

Allows compensatory flow to the brain during an occlusion

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3
Q

What is the venous drainage of the brain?

A

Cerebral veins → venous sinuses in the dura mater → internal jugular vein

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4
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

The dural fold between the 2 hemispheres of the brain

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of brain haemorrhages?

A

-Extradural
-Subdural
-Subarachnoid
-Intracerebral

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6
Q

What is the main cause of extradural haemorrhages?

A

Trauma

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7
Q

How soon are clinical effects for extradural haemorrhages?

A

Immediate due to high pressure arteries

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8
Q

What is the main cause of subdural haemorrhages?

A

Trauma

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9
Q

How soon are clinical effects for subdural haemorrhages?

A

Delayed due to low pressure veins

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10
Q

What is the main cause of subarachnoid haemorrhages?

A

Ruptured aneurysms

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11
Q

What is the main cause of intracerebral haemorrhages?

A

Spontaneous hypertension

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12
Q

What is directly behind the pterion?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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13
Q

What is the defining symptom of a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Thunderclap headache

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14
Q

What is a stroke also known as?

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

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15
Q

What is the timing for a stroke?

A

> 24 hours

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16
Q

What is a transient a ischaemic attack?

A

A temporary block that lasts for <24 hours

17
Q

What is thrombosis?

A

Formation of blood clot

18
Q

What is an embolism?

A

Plugging of a small vessel by material carried by a larger vessel

19
Q

What are the risk factors for stroke?

A

-Age
-Hypertension
-Cardiac disease
-Smoking
-Diabetes mellitus

20
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery perfuse?

A

Mainly lateral part of the brain

21
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery perfuse?

A

Runs from the frontal lobe medially (1cm) to the junction between the temporal and occipital lobes

22
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery perfuse?

A

Posterior part of brain and inferior part of the temporal lobe

23
Q

What are symptoms of an anterior cerebral occlusion?

A

-Paralysis of contralateral structures
-Abulia= disturbance of intellect, executive function and judgement
-Loss of appropriate social behaviour

24
Q

What are symptoms of a middle cerebral occlusion?

A

-Contralateral hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of body): arm>leg
-Contralateral hemisensory deficits
-Hemianopia
-Aphasia (L sided lesion)

25
Q

What are symptoms of posterior cerebral occlusion?

A

-Visual deficits: homonymous hemianopia, visual agnosia

Neuro 2 (10 decks)

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