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Neuro 2 > Cerebral inflammation and disorders > Flashcards

Cerebral inflammation and disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection

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2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain caused by infection/autoimmune mechanisms

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3
Q

What is cerebral vasculitis/angiitis?

A

Inflammation of small blood vessel walls

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4
Q

What are the structures of BBB capillaries?

A

Extensive tight junctions at the endothelial cell-cell contacts

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5
Q

What is the effect of the structure of BBB capillaries?

A

Massively reduces solute and fluid leak across the capillary wall

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6
Q

What is the significance of the structure of BBB?

A

Control the exchange of these substances using specific membrane transporters to transport into and out of the CNS

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7
Q

What do all CNS disease originate from?

A

Disruption of blood brain barrier= breakdown of endothelium

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8
Q

What are the initial symptoms of encephalitis?

A

-Flu like symptoms
-Pyrexia
-Headache

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9
Q

What are the delayed symptoms of encephalitis?

A

-Confusion and disorientation
-Seizures/fits
-Changes in personality and behaviour
-Difficulty speaking
-Weakness/ loss of movement
-Loss of consciousness

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10
Q

What is the main cause of encephalitis?

A

Viral infection

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11
Q

What are the common examples of encephalitis?

A

-Herpes simplex virus
-Measles
-Varicella (chickenpox)
-Rubella (German measles)

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12
Q

What are other causes of encephalitis outside of viral infections?

A

-Mosquito, tick and other insect bites
-Bacterial and fungal infections
-Trauma
-Autoimmune

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13
Q

What is the main treatment for encephalitis?

A

Treat the underlying cause

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14
Q

What are examples of treatments for encephalitis?

A

-Antivirals
-Steroids
-Antibiotics/antifungals
-Analgesics
-Anti convulsants
-Ventilation

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15
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune demyelinating disease of CNS

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16
Q

What is the proposed mechanism of MS?

A

-Producing antibodies against our myelin proteins
-Random demyelination of certain areas of the brain

17
Q

How does MS present clinically?

A

Relapsing remitting form of disease

18
Q

What are the symptoms of MS?

A

It depends on where the demyelination occurs

19
Q

What is the initial relapse linked to?

A

Linked to inflammatory activity

20
Q

What are the main pathophysiological traits of MS?

A

-Inflammation
-Demyelination
-Axonal loss
-Neurodegenerative

21
Q

What are the examples of bacterial causes of meningitis?

A

-Meningococcal
-Pneumococcal
-Haemophilus influenza type b
-Streptococcal

22
Q

What are other causes of meningitis outside of bacterial causes?

A

-Viral
-Fungal

Neuro 2 (10 decks)

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