Cerebral Cortex (Exam 4) Flashcards
projection fibers
to/from cortex and subcortical structures and spinal cord
commissural fibers
connect homologous areas of R and L hemisphere
association fibers
connect cortical regions within one hemisphere
primary somatosensory cortical area (3,1,2)
discriminates shape, texture or size
primary auditory (area 41)
conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch
primary visual (17)
distinguishes intesnsity of light, shape, size and location
primary vestibular (40)
discriminates among head positions and movements
secondary somatosensory (5,7)
stereognosis and memory of tactile and spatial environment
secondary visual (18-21)
analysis of motion, color, control of visual fixation
secondary auditory (22, 42)
classification of sounds
Name the association corticies
dorsolateral prefrontal
parietotemporal association
ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal
what does the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex do?
executive function
self awareness
social appropriateness
what does the parietotemporal association cortex do?
sensory integration
understanding language
understanding spatial relationships
what does the ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal cortices do?
impulse control
personality
ventral: regulates mood and affect
medial dorsal: regulates emotion and reaction to emotion
what in the brain drives goal oriented behavior?
the association cortices
- deciding on a goal
- planning to accomplish the goal
- executing a plan
- monitoring the execution of the plan
broca’s area’s jobs
motor programming of speech output
which side is Broca’s area on?
L
what does the area analogous to Broca’s on the opposite hemisphere do?
planning of nonverbal communication like emotional tone, gesturing, etc
which side is the non-verbal broca’s usually on?
R
What does Wernicke’s area do?
comprehension of speech on L side
interpretation of non verbal communicaition on R side
where is the damage if u have homonymous hemianopsia?
primary visual cortex
where is the damage if u have loss of tactile localization and conscious proprioception
primary somatosensory cortex
agnosia
inability to recognize objects using only one specific sense
astereognosis
inability to identify objects by touch and manipulation
visual agnosia
inability to visually recognize objects despite having intact vision
prospagnosia
inability to recognize faces
auditory agnosia
cannot recognize sounds
unable to distinguish language vs. other sounds
apraxia
inability to perform movement or sequence of movements despite intact motor output, cognition, sensation etc.
broca’s aphasia
impairments with speaking and writing but can understand u perfectly
dysarthria
speech disorder due to problems with the actual musculature, paralysis incoordination or spasticity of mm used for speaking
what does a problem with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex look like?
loss of exec. fxn
loss of initiative
loss of divergent thinking
what does a problem with the parietotemporal association cortex look like?
difficulty with sensory integration can't handle new information effectively trouble with concrete thinking wernicke's aphasia (L) difficulty understanding non verbal communication (R)
what does a problem with the ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association areas look like?
interferes wtih emotional responses
impaired empathy,embarrassment,guilt,regret
inappropriate and risky behavior
impulsive, loses self control
aphasia
probs with spoken language
alexia
probls with comprehension of written language
agraphia
inability to write
can ppl wtih broca’s aphasia usually read?
yes
which aphasia is it where a person is usually unaware of their impairment and can easilty output sound but it is meaningless to the conversation
Wernicke’s aphasia–> bc they didn’t comprehend what u were asking them
can ppl with Wernicke’s apahsia usually read?
no
what disorder comes with a large lesion to the lateral L cerebrum and causes inability to comprehend or produce meaningful speecch
global aphasia
what aphasia is it that damages neurons that connect Wernicke’s and broca’s areas
conduction aphasia
what happens in non-dominant broca’s or wernicke’s aphasias?
> non dominant brocas- flat affect, no tone changes, no production of non-verbal communication
non dominant Wernicke’s- can’t understand ppl’s gestures or expressions or tones
describe classic symptoms of a L hemisphere stroke in the MCA?
hemiparesis/hemiplegia/hemisensory loss affecting R side
language/speech disorders
cautious behaviour
hesitant to try new tasks
classic symptoms of a R hemisphere stroke of the MCA?
hemiparesis/hemiplegia/hemisensory loss affecting L side
L neglect
unable to comprehend and produce emotional/ non verbal speech
impulsive behavior
unaware of deficits
