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Neuroscience > Blood flow to brain (Exam 4) > Flashcards

Blood flow to brain (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

amount of blood volume needed by CNS?

A

50 mL/min of blood per every 100 g of tissue
25 mL/100 g of tissue puts cells in peril
8 ml/100g of tissue kills neurons in minutes

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2
Q

the BBB helps protect the brain against what?

A

internal pathogens and chemicals such as hormones

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3
Q

which artery in the brain does not come in pairs?

A

the basilar artery

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4
Q

where do internal carotid AA branch from?

A

the common carotids on each side of the neck

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5
Q

anterior cerebral artery supplies what?

A

medial cortex
some frontal and parietal cortex
internal capsule
BG

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6
Q

Middle cerebral aa supply what?

A

lateral cortex

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7
Q

what artery branches off the middle cerebral aa and supplies the caudate, putamen and ant. limb of internal capsule?

A

the lateral lenticulostriate A.

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8
Q

opthalmic A supplies what?

A

retina and dura

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9
Q

the anterior choroidal A supplies what?

A

int. capsule
thalamus
hippocampus
BG

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10
Q

anterior communicating A serves what purpose?

A

small conduit A between the ant. cerebral aa

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11
Q

posterior communicating A serves what purpose?

A

supplies hypothalamus
thalamus
hippocampus

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12
Q

what aa all join at the circle of willis?

A

anterior communicating
anterior cerebral
posterior communicating
posterior cerebral

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13
Q

where in the brain is a common place for an aneurism

A

circle of willis

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14
Q

this vascular structure surrounds the optic chiasm and pituitary glands and provides collateral circulation to provide redundancy to important structures in the brain in order to provide cont. blood flow in case one vessel is blocked

A

circle of willis

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15
Q

where does the basilar a arise from?

A

the junction of the two post. cerebral AA

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16
Q

what does the basilar a bifurcate into?

A

the vertebral AA

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17
Q

branches off basilar AA before it bifurcates

A

Posterior cerebral A
Superior Cerebellar A
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A (AICA
pontine (paramedian) A

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18
Q

what does the posterior cerebral A supply?

A

most of midbrain
thalamus
temp. lobe
medial/inferior aspects of occ. lobe

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19
Q

what does the superior cerebellar A supply?

A

superior and middle cerebral peduncles
medial and lateral lemniscus
spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinothalamic tract

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20
Q

what does the pontine a supply?

A 
pontine nuclei
some CN nuclei
corticopontine tract
corticobulbar tract
corticospinal tract
(all these tracts are in the pontine area)
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21
Q

What does the AICA supply? (ant. inf. cerebellar A)

A

anterior undersurface of the cerebellum

22
Q

branches of the Vertebral AA

A

anterior spinal A
posterior inferior cerebellar A (PICA)
Posterior spinal A

23
Q

what does the anterior spinal A supply?

A 
pyramids
med. lemniscus of medulla
med. long. fasciculus
CN XII
inferior olive
24
Q

what does the posterior inferior cerebellar A supply (PICA)

A 
Midbrain parts:
>spinothalamic tract
>spinocerebellar tract
>CN V
>nucleus ambiguous (i.e. parts of CN IX and X)
Cerebellar parts: 
>vermis
>inferior cerebellum
25
Q

What does occlusion of the PICA lead to?

A

Wallenberg’s syndrome : disturbed speech, articulation and swallowing…

26
Q

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A

fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus
spinal trigeminal nucleus
inferior cerebellar peduncle
some of Vagus Nerve- CN X

27
Q

deficits from anterior cerebral A event

A

contralateral hemiplegia and sensory loss, mainly in LE

loss of motivation and exec. fxn

28
Q

deficits from middle cerebral A event

A 
contralateral hemiplegia and sensory loss in the UE and head
aphasia
sensory association deficits
exec. fxn and working memory
major multisystem dysfunction
29
Q

deficits from a posterior cerebral A event

A

hemianopsia

syndromes related to midbrain regions:thalamus, subthalamic nuclei since they are fed by this A.

30
Q

What is Weber’s syndrome?

A

*caused by Posterior Cerebral A event:
superior alternating hemiplegia:
ipsilateral occulomotor dysfxn (can’t abduct or have vert. gaze nc of CN III probs)
pupil dilation
contralateral hemiplegia( bc of probs with corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts)

31
Q

deficits from a Superior cerebellar A. event

A

ipsilateral Horner’s Syndrome!
ipsilateral limb and gait ataxia
contralateral loss of pain and temp (spinothalamic)

32
Q

what is Horner’s syndrome?

A

its an increase of the infulence of the parasympathetic drive to the eyeball–>prob that occurs with Superior Cerebellar A event:
ipsilateral pupil constriction
ptosis
sinking in of eyeball

33
Q

deficits occuring with an anterior inferior cerebellar A event (AICA event)

A

ipsilateral loss of facial sensation (CN V)
ipsilateral horner’s syndrome
contralateral hemianesthesia

34
Q

deficits occuring with Posterior inferior cerebellar A. Event (PICA EVENT)

A

Wallenberg’s syndrome:dysphagia, dysarthria
ipsilateral pain and temp of face probs (CN V)
contralateral pain and temp of body (spinothalamic)
vertigo (vest. nuclei)
ipsilateral horners syndrome

35
Q

deficits from an anterior spinal A event (branch from vertebral A.)

A

medial medullary syndrome:

  • contralateral conscious proprioception (med. lemniscus)
  • paresis (UMNs in pyramidal tract)
  • deviation of tongue to side of lesion (CN XII)
36
Q

deficits from a posterior spinal A event (branch of Vert. AA)

A

ipsilateral conscious proprioception (nucleus cuneatus and gracillus)

37
Q

a stroke in what A would give u Wallenberg’s syndrome?

A

PICA

38
Q

a stroke in what AA would give u Horner’s syndrome?

A

PICA or superior cerebellar A.

39
Q

a stroke in which A would give u Medial Medullary syndrome?

A

Anterior spinal A. (branch off vert. A)

40
Q

What do symptoms of Vert. A compromise look like?

A

nystagmus, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, loss of balance, falling

41
Q

what is the window for administering tPA?

A

w/in 60 mins is best, but up to 4.5 hours

42
Q

blood drains from the venous sinuses back to the heart via what veins?

A

the Jugular VV

43
Q

why do the sinuses pose a risk of allowing infection into the CNS?

A

bc blood from the scalp drains into them too

44
Q

what are the main sinuses?

A 
superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal 
sphenoparietal sinus
cavernous
transverse
confluence
45
Q

what does CSF do?

A

protects brain and carries away toxins and metabolites

46
Q

how much CSF is in our system?

A

90-140 mL–>20-25 mL in the ventricles and the rest is in the subarachnoid space

47
Q

how much CSF is produced each day and where is it produced?

A

70% produced in choroid plexus (up to 500 mL/day)

48
Q

what is blocked in noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

A

cerebral aqueduct

49
Q

describe communicating hydrocephalus

A

thickening of the achachnoid space from prior insult or infection with reduced absorption of CSF, if pressure increases the central spinal canal may enlarge

50
Q

CSF flow

A

made in choroid plexus of lateral ventricles–>3rd ventricles( via interventricular foramina)–>4th ventricle (via cerebral aqueduct)–>subarachnoid space

Neuroscience (12 decks)

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