cerebellum

Question 1

cerebellar fun facts

Answer 1

little brain latin , more than half neurons here, regular cytoarchitecture throughout/animals, ongoing motion and thoughts

Question 2

overview of cerebellar circuit

Answer 2

upper motor in M1 sends signal to contra cerebellar hemisphere, as well as to lower motor
cerebellar recieves ipsi feedback from proprioception
compares signals, feedback to M1

Question 3

cerebellar anaotmy

Answer 3

arbor vitae white matter
highly folded gray matter

Question 4

3 subdivisions of cerebellum

Answer 4

folcculonodular lobe, anterior lobe, posterior lobe

Question 5

flocculonodular lobe functons

Answer 5

“vestibulocerebellum”
balance/eye movements, input from vestublar nuclei and output to fastigial nucli and vestibular nuceli, then to LMN

Question 6

anterior lobe

Answer 6

spincocerebellum, error and movement coord and motor execution
input from proprioception and output to interposed nuclei and descending motor paths

Question 7

posterior lobe

Answer 7

cerebrocerebellum/neocerebellum
input from cortex (motor plan)
output to dentate nucleus/thalamus/cortex

Question 8

3 deep nuclei

Answer 8

fastigial = output of vestibulo (vermis, most medial), send to motor execution paths (descending/extrapyramidal)
interposed = output of spino, send to motor execution paths (descending/extrapyramidal)
dentate = output of cerebro (most lateral), send to motor cortices for motor planning

Question 9

3 peduncles

Answer 9

superior = efferent to cortex (error feedback)
middle = afferent, input from cortex/pons (copy of command)
inferior = a/efferent about body position, send to floc. lobe (proprioception)

Question 10

3 layers of cerebellum

Answer 10

molecular = axons/inter
purkinje = single cell row
granular = densely packed granule cells and interneurons

Question 11

3 neuron types

Answer 11

granule cells = form parallel fibers
purkinje cells = project to deep nuclei (dentate/inter/fast)
inhibitory neurons = basket/stellate/golgi

Question 12

2 types of input

Answer 12

both are excitatory onto purkinje
climbing fibers from inf. olive
mossy fibers from spinal cord/cortex via pons
mossy input to granule cells about voluntary movements

Question 13

cerebellar plasticity

Answer 13

when a climbing fiber synapses with a parallel fiber, parallel is weakened
parallel synapses onto purkinje
Marr-Albus-Ito motor learning theory = granule cells (parallel) give continuous info about body, when error, climbing fires which turn off parallel (inf. olive does error)

Question 14

cerebellar damage

Answer 14

balance, nystagmus, wide gait, land and mood too