2. Memory Flashcards
what is procedural memory and anatomy
know “how”, motor/habits/conditional learning
relies on basal ganglia and cerebellum
Tasks for procedural memory
Serial reaction-time - get better at muscle memory even if declaratively can’t say why
Mirror Tracing - trace star through mirror, get better more times do it
Diseases affecting procedural
Parkinsons mess up basal ganglia loop
At probabalistic task, amnesia patients can do it because it’s a procedural task (amnesiacs don’t have declarative)
parkinsons fail because need basal for procedural learning
Declarative what and basic anatomy
episodic for events and semantic for facts
hippocampus, limbic, cortical networks
3 Cortical networks in declarative memory
Default - internal thought about past, parahippocampal cortex, medial PFC, inferior parietal, posterior cingulate
Limbic - emotional/memory regulation, entorhinal
Control - memory decisions/strategy
AT system for memory
Anterior Temporal (limbic)
Hub in entorhinal/perirhinal cortex, assesses signifgance, familiarity and recognition
PM system for memory
Posterior medial, uses default mode
Hub in parahippocampal, recollection, memory for scenes/spatial
3 processes in memory
Encode using senses
Consolidate aspects together
Retrieval using cues
fMRI scans when is hippocampus active for memory success
Hippocampal activity and MFG during encoding is correlated with successful retrieval
Control network is MFG, active during encoding predicts success
How does consolidation work and what needed for correct recollection
Consolidation transfers memory to cortex.
1. Newly encoded memory in hippo with connection to cortex
2. Reactivation strenghtens intercortex connections and weaken hippo
3. Repeated reactivation reorganizes memory into the cortex and not in hippo (which is why long-term is safe from anterograde amnesia)
In word remembering task, hippocampal activity during retrieval is greatest for correct recollection
2 types of amnesia
Retrograde - don’t remember recent events, long-term memories safe in cortex
Anterograde - can’t form new memories
Both can still do procedural memories because basal/cerebellum safe
Alzheimer’s biology
two biomarkers - amyloid beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles
these lead to neurodegeneration that follows functional networks and congregates in hippocampus
Superoir memory and is it trainable
loss of forgetting in “S” patient, trouble discerning what actually important, couldn’t get the gist, couldn’t recognize faces over minute changes
Increases in caudate nucleus and temporal lobe.
Training it involves techniques to attach memories to other sensory modalities to build more cortical connections
