BrainStem and modulation

Question 1

Astrocytes

Answer 1

brain nutrition, BOLD (Blood oxygen level dependent) signal in fMRI, ion balance, signal to other glia

Question 2

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 2

myelin, fatty (water dispel) in diffuse tensor imaging

Question 3

picture sagittal, coronal, axial

Answer 3

sagittal down midline, coronal face on, axial is horizontal

Question 4

roles of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

buoyancy, nutrition, protection, waste removal

Question 5

describe parts of body 4 spinal segments innervate

Answer 5

cervical = head/arms
thoracic = torso
lumbar = legs
sacral = genitals/back of legs/feet

Question 6

Dorsal column (asc or desc)

Answer 6

Ascending sensory info

Question 7

Describe dorsal column tract

Answer 7

for sensory/proprio info

primary neuron = cell body in dorsal root ganglion, synapse to gracile (lower body) medial or cuneate (upper) lateral nuclei in dorsal column nucleus

secondary neuron = cell body in dcn, gracile/cuneate, synapse to thalamus

tertiary neuron = cell body in thalamus (ventro posterior lateral nucleus for touch), goes to cortex S1, somatosensory cortex

Question 8

where decussate for dorsal column tract

Answer 8

lower medulla, medial lemniscus

Question 9

corticospinal tract (asc or desc)

Answer 9

descending motor info

Question 10

describe corticospinal tract

Answer 10

primary neuron = cell body in M1, synapse in spinal cord

secondary neuron = cell body in spinal cord, synapse on muscle

Question 11

where does primary axon for corticospinal pass

Answer 11

travels in corona radiata and internal capsule

Question 12

where is primary axon for motor in the midbrain

Answer 12

cerebral peduncles

Question 13

where is dorsal column in the spinal cord

Answer 13

dorsal horn

Question 14

where is dorsal column in lower medulla

Answer 14

gracile (medial, lower body) /cuneate nucleus (lateral, upper body)

Question 15

where is dorsal column in upper medulla

Answer 15

medial lemniscus

Question 16

where is dorsal column in pons

Answer 16

medial lemniscus

Question 17

where is dorsal column in midbrain

Answer 17

medial lemniscus

Question 18

where is dorsal column in thalamus/cortex

Answer 18

ventral posterior lateral thalamus/somatosensory cortex

Question 19

where is axon for cortico in pons

Answer 19

ventral pons

Question 20

where is axon for cortico in upper medulla

Answer 20

pyramid

Question 21

where is axon for cortico in lower medulla

Answer 21

pyramid

Question 22

where cortico decussate

Answer 22

lowest medulla, pyramidal decussation

Question 23

where axons for cortico in spinal cord

Answer 23

ventral horn, alpha motor neuron cell body in sc gray matter ventral

Question 24

where is dopamine made

Answer 24

substantia nigra and ventral tegemental area

Question 25

where dopamine project to, diseases

Answer 25

project to striatum and frontal lobe, motor control and cognition
if substantia nigra die = parkinsons

Question 26

where norepinepherine made

Answer 26

locus coeruleus

Question 27

norepinepherine projection

Answer 27

diffuse, arousal stress memory attention

Question 28

where serotonin made and what do

Answer 28

raphe nuclei very diffuse , mood pain suppress, SSRI