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Pharmacology - Blood Module > Cephalosporins (CWI) > Flashcards

Cephalosporins (CWI) Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins are ________ antibiotics closely related to penicillins

A

B lactam

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2
Q

Cephalosporins tend to be ______ (more/less) resistant than the penicillins to B lactamases

A

more

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3
Q

Cephalosporins are generally ineffective against?

A

L. monocytogenes
C. difficile
Enterococci

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4
Q

First generation ceph act as a substitute for __________

A

penicillin G

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5
Q

What is the antibacterial spectrum of first generation ceph?

A

G +ve cocci (S.aureus*/S.epidermidis/S. pneumonia/S.pyogens/Anaerobic streptococci)
G - ve rods (E.coli/K.pneu/Proteus.mirabilis)

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6
Q

First generation ceph do not cover ________ and __________

A

MRSA

Bacteroides fragilis

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7
Q

Name the first generation cephs.

A

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil

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8
Q

Oral administration of _________ twice daily is effective against pharyngitis

A

Cephalexin

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9
Q

___________ is the prototype of the first gen, oral cephs

A

Cephalexin

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10
Q

_________ has a longer duration of action and is administered parenterally

A

Cefazolin

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11
Q

__________ (first gen cephs) penetrates well into bone

A

Cefazoline

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12
Q

Cefazolin is given _________
Cephalexin is given ________
(Route of administration)

A

Cefazolin - parenterally

Cephalexin - orally

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13
Q

Name the second generation cephs.

A

Cefuroxime sodium
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefaclor
Cefotetan

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14
Q

Sinus, ear, and respiratory infections caused by H influenzae or M catarrhalis can be treated by 2 cephs. Name them.

A

cefuroxime, cefaclor

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15
Q

What is the antibacterial spectrum of second generation ceps?

A

Weak G +ve activity (S.pneumonia/S.pyogens/Anaerobic streptococci)
Strong G -ve activity
Rods(Enterobacter aerogenes/E.coli/H.influenza/K.pneumonia/P.mirabilis)
Cocci(Neisseria gonorrhea)

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16
Q

Anaerobes like Bacteroides fragilis can be affected by __________ (2nd gen ceph)

A

cefotetan

cefoxitin(banned)

17
Q

Name the third gen cephs.

A

Ceftazidme
Cefotaxime
Cefoperaxone

17
Q

Name the third gen cephs.

A

Ceftazidme
Cefotaxime
Cefoperaxone

18
Q

Cefoxitin and cefotetan have anaerobic coverage. Is it true?

A

Yes

19
Q

What is the antibacterial spectrum of third gen cephs?

A

G +ve cocci (S.pneumonia /S.pyogens/Anaerobic streptococci)

G -ve Rods(Enterobacter aerogenes/ E.coli/ H.influenza /K.pneumonia/P.mirabilis/ P. aeruginosa/ serratia marcescens)

G -ve Cocci(Neisseria gonorrhea)

20
Q

Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are used for _________ (disease) caused by h influenza

A

meningitis

21
Q

ceftazidime is used for __________ (bacteria)

A

P. aeruginosa

22
Q

Third gen cephs and fluoroquinolones are known to cause __________

A

collateral damage

23
Q

WHat is collateral damage?

A

Secondary infxn due to usage of drug for example pseudomembranous colitis casued by c. difficile

24
Q

Cefepime is a _______ generation ceph

A

fourth

25
Q

Cefipime is administered ___________

A

parenterally

26
Q

Cefipime is effective against?

A 
MSSA only
Enterbacter aeruginosa
H. influenza
K. pneumonia
E coli
Proteus mirabilis
P. aeruginosa
27
Q

Ceftaroline is ________ generation ceph

A

Advanced

28
Q

Ceftaroline is effective against _________ (MRSA/MSSA)

A

MRSA

29
Q

What are the two uses of ceftaroline?

A

Skin infections

Community acquired pneumonia

30
Q

What is the antibacterial spectrum of ceftaroline?

A 
MRSA
P. aeruginosa
Extended spectrum B-Lactam (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriacea
Acinetobactor baumanni
G -ve activity similar to ceftriaxone
31
Q

Write down names of cephs that are administered orally

A 
Cefadroxil
Cephalexin
Cefuroxime axetil
Cefdinir
Cefixime
32
Q

_______ is used in surgical prophylaxis caused by s. aureus

A

Cefazolin

33
Q

_________ is excreted in bile only so there’s nothing to worry about if we give it in renal failure

A

Ceftriaxone

34
Q

What are the adverse effects of cephs?

A

hypersensitivity reactions

esp in people w/ penicilin allergy

35
Q

Hypersensitivity rxn are more w/ the use of ________ generation cephs

A

first

36
Q

Name the two cephs that cross BBB

A

Cefuroxime sodium

Cefotaxime

37
Q

____________ is used for community acquired bronchitis and pneumonia in elders and immunocompromised patients

A

Cefuroxime sodium

Pharmacology - Blood Module (11 decks)

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