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Pharmacology - Blood Module > Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir are ____________(guanosine analogs/neuraminidase inhibitors)

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

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2
Q

Route of administration of Zanamivir is ____________.

A

Inhalation

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3
Q

Route of administration of Oseltamivir is __________.

A

Oral

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4
Q

What are neuraminidase inhibitors used for?

A

Acute uncomplicated influenza (type A and B) treatment and prophylaxis

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5
Q

Oseltamivir is a prodrug that is first metabolized in the liver by _______ (oxidases/esterases)

A

Esterases

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6
Q

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir are both excreted through the ________

A

Urine

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7
Q

What is the function of the viral enzyme neuraminidase?

A

Neuraminidase is inserted into the host cell membrane for the purpose of releasing newly formed virions

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8
Q

Why should Zanamivir be used with caution in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A

Irritation of the respiratory tract occurs with Zanamivir. It may also cause bronchospasm.

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of Oseltamivir?

A

GI discomfort and nausea which can be reduced by taking the drug with food

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10
Q

When are antiviral agents for influenza used?

A

When patients are allergic to vaccine

When outbreak occurs

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11
Q

What is the preferred approach to influenza?

A

Immunization is preferred over antiviral agents

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12
Q

What are the names of adamantane derivatives?

A

Amantidine

Rimantidine

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13
Q

What are the adamantane agents are used for?

A

For the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A

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14
Q

Amantadine and rimantadine inhibit _____ protein of the proton channel of the virus to inhibit the uncoating and replication of the viral RNA in the infected cell.

A

M2 protein

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15
Q

What is the root of administration of adamantane antivirals?

A

Oral

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16
Q

____________ (amantidine/rimantidine) readily crosses the BBB while the other does not.

A

Amantidine

17
Q

Route of excretion of both adamantane agents is _________

A

Urine

18
Q

____________(Amantidine/rimantidine) is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine so dosage reduction is needed in renal dysfunction.

A

Amantidine

19
Q

__________(amantidine/rimantidine) is extensively metabolized by the liver and both the metabolites and the parent drug are eliminated in the ________(urine/feces)

A

Rimantidine

Urine

20
Q

What are the adverse effects of amantidine?

A 
Insomnia
Dizziness 
Ataxia
Hallucinations (more severe)
Seizures (more severe)
21
Q

___________(amantidine/rimantidine) should be used with caution in patients with psychiatric disorders, cerebral atherosclerosis, renal impairment, or epilepsy.

A

Amantidine.

Rimantidine has less adverse effects of CNS

22
Q

Adamantane agents adverse effects other than CNS reactions?

A 
GI intolerance
Teratogenic effects (should be used cautiously in pregnancy)
23
Q

Mutations of neuraminidase enzymes are _____(less/more) infective and virulent than the wild type

A

Less

24
Q

Resistant to adamantane antivirals has occurred due to what kind of change?

A

Change in one amino acid of M2 matrix protein

25
Q

Ribavirin is _________(neuraminidase inhibitor/guanosine analog)

A

Guanosine analog

26
Q

What are the uses of ribavirin

A

Influenza A and B
Respiratory syncytial virus
Chronic hepatitis C infection

27
Q

What are the route of administration of ribavirin in the following?

Influenza A and B
Respiratory syncytial virus

A

Influenza A and B = oral

Respiratory syncytial virus = inhalation

28
Q

Ribavirin is given with ____________ to treat chronic hepatitis C infection.

A

Interferon alpha

29
Q

Absorption of ribavirin is increased if it is taken with _________

A

Fatty meal

30
Q

Ribavirin and its metabolites are excreted in ________ (urine/feces)

A

Urine

31
Q

What are the two major adverse effects of ribavirin

A
  1. Transient hemolytic anemia (with elevated bilirubin)

2. Teratogenic effects (contraindicated in pregnancy)

32
Q

In what age group and how can respiratory adverse effects occur with ribavirin?

A

Occurs in Infants

Use of aerosol can lead to respiratory deterioration.

33
Q

How does ribavirin inhibit replication of RNA and DNA viruses?

A

Ribavirin ———> Ribavirin triphosphate
Ribavirin triphosphate does three things.
1. Inhibits the synthesis of guanosine triphosphate
2. Preventing viral mRNA capping
3. Blocking RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

34
Q

What is mRNA capping?

A

Adding 5’ to the mRNA to stabilise the mRNA.

Pharmacology - Blood Module (11 decks)

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