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U5 Neuroscience > Central Visual Processing I > Flashcards

Central Visual Processing I Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers are in the LGN? How are these layers divided?

A

6 layers
2 are magno (ventrally) and 4 are parvo (dorsally) with konio layers interspersed between
From ventral to dorsal: Contra-Ips-Ips-Contra-Ips-Contra

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2
Q

How many layers are there in VI?

A

6

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3
Q

What layer of V1 does the LGN enter into?

A

Layer 4

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4
Q

The part of the visual field that a given neuron responds to within the visual cortex is defined as:

A

Receptive field

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5
Q

The mapping of a visual input from the retina to V1 is defined as:

A

Retinotopy

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6
Q

The amount of cortex that is designated to a given part of the visual field depends directly on what?

A

The density of photoreceptors in the retina

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7
Q

The majority of the visual cortex is devoted to what part of the retina?

A

The fovea which has the greatest density of photoreceptors (especially cones)

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8
Q

What are the different names for the visual cortex?

A

Striate or Brodmann area 17 or V1

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9
Q

From the optic tract, axons project into a number of targets. What are some of these targets?

A 
Superior colliculi (important in orienting motion of the head with eye movements)
Pretectum (important for pupillary and lens reflexes)
Hypothalamus (regulation of Circadian rhythms)
Thalmogeniculate nucles (LGN) image processing
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10
Q

What is the primary visual processing pathway?

A

Corticogeniculocortical pathway (LGN)

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11
Q

What is the first area that joins the information from both the right and left eye to get binocular vision?

A

V1

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12
Q

There are three different types of cone classes. What are they?

A

R (long), G (medium), and B (short)

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13
Q

Where do the M, P, and K pathways originate? Where do they terminate?

A

Originate in the retina and terminate in the visual cortex

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14
Q

What type of visual information does the M (magna) pathway predominately perceive?

A

High temporal resolution (speed) and motion

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15
Q

What type of visual information does the P (parvo) pathway predominately perceive?

A

High visual acuity and color

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16
Q

What type of visual information does the K (konia) pathway predominately perceive?

A

Color

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17
Q

The LGN received feedback from which layer of V1?

A

Layer 6

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18
Q

True or False: The LGN has center-surround receptor fields

A

True- just like the retinal ganglia

19
Q

Which layers of V1 go onto the extrastriate (V2)?

A

Layer 2 and layer 3

20
Q

What is ocular dominance?

A

The predominant eye that is used to see something a certain receptive field

21
Q

What is orientation tuning? How does this relate to action potentials?

A

Neuron is stimulated by the edge of light when the light is presented at an optimum angle, which produces more action potentials

22
Q

Some V1 neurons aren’t orientation tuned but rather have receptive fields that allow them to be color selective. What are the two different color signals?

A
  1. Red- Green

2. Blue-Yellow

23
Q

True or False: V1 neurons have center-surround receptive fields?

A

False: with the exception of the neurons responding only to color

24
Q

Every V1 neuron has three different components that make it unique: what are these components?

A

A specific receptive field position (retinopy), an ocular dominance, and a orientation position

25
Q

What do CO blobs that are interspersed between the orthogonal columns of ocular dominance and orientation position represent? What types of vision do these CO blobs perceive?

A

Long term metabolic activty

CO blobs perceive monocular, color vision

26
Q

A collection of functional cortical columns that covers the entire range of possible values of a given stimulus parameter is the definition for what term?

A

Hypercolumn

27
Q

All of the orientation positions for a given point in visual space is the definition for what term?

A

Orientation hypercolumn

28
Q

A complete orientation cycle- or one orientation hypercolumn, takes up how much distance within V1?

A

1mm

29
Q

A complete set of cortical columns handling both the right and left eye for a given point in visual space is the definition for what term?

A

Ocular dominance hypercolumn

30
Q

A complete ocular dominance hypercolumn requires how much distance within the VI?

A

1mm

31
Q

If you were to cut out a 1mm x 1mm chunk of VI, what would this give you?

A

All of the possible orientations that can be seen through both eyes for a given point in the visual field

32
Q

What are the two major processing pathways from V2?

A
  1. Dorsal pathway

2. Ventral pathway

33
Q

What is the dorsal pathway responsible for? What does it connect?

A

Motion and location (the where)

Connects V2 to the parietal visual cortex

34
Q

What is the ventral pathway responsible for? What does it connect?

A 
Pattern recognition (the what)
Connects V2 to the temporal visual cortex
35
Q

How are CO different in V2 than in VI?

A

In V2 CO are stripes, in VI CO are blobs

36
Q

The thin stripes due to the CO blobs in VI, contain cells for what kind of vision in V2?

A

color

37
Q

The pale stripes due to interblobs in VI, contain cells for what kind of vision in V2?

A

Detection of curvature

38
Q

The thick stripes of V2 contain cells for what kind of vision?

A

Depth perception

39
Q

What is more retinotopically oriented: VI or V2?

A

VI

40
Q

As you move up the higher extrastriate layers, what happens to the retinotopy and the receptive field?

A

Retinotopy decreases while the receptive field increases

41
Q

What are the four layers of ordering in V1?

A

Retinotopy, ocular dominance, orientation, and CO blobs

42
Q

A bilateral lesion of the temporal lobe will result in what with regard to higher vision?

A

Inability to discriminate between objects

43
Q

A bilateral lesion of the parietal lobe will result in what with regard to higher vision?

A

Inability to discriminate locations

U5 Neuroscience (35 decks)

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