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Human Anatomy Lab > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

the outer layer of the brain

A

cortex

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2
Q

the folds of brain in the cortex

A

gyrus (gyri)

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3
Q

spaces between gyri and folia

A

sulcus (sulci)

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4
Q

spaces separating large regions

A

fissure

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5
Q

brain region separated by fissures or sulci

A

lobe

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6
Q

CNS region with myelinated axons

A

white matter

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7
Q

CNS region with neuronal cell bodies

A

gray matter

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8
Q

bundle of axons within the CNS

A

fiber tract

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9
Q

bundle of axons outside the CNS

A

nerve

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10
Q

network of nerves outside the CNS

A

plexus

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11
Q

neuronal cell body clusters within the CNS

A

nucleus

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12
Q

neuronal cell body clusters outside of the CNS

A

ganglion

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13
Q

What is 1?

A

precentral gyrus

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14
Q

What is 2?

A

postcentral gyrus

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15
Q

What is 3?

A

central sulcus

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16
Q

What is 4?

A

lateral sulcus

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17
Q

What is 5?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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18
Q

What is 6?

A

longitudinal fissure

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19
Q

What is 7?

A

transverse fissure

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20
Q

What is 8?

A

frontal lobe

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21
Q

What is 9?

A

parietal lobe

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22
Q

What is 10?

A

temporal lobe

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23
Q

What is 11?

A

occipital lobe

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24
Q

What is 1?

A

corpus callosum

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25
Q

What is 2?

A

anterior commissure

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26
Q

What is 3?

A

fornix

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27
Q

What is 4?

A

lateral ventricle

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28
Q

What is 5?

A

choroid plexus

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29
Q

What is 6?

A

septum pellucidum

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30
Q

What is 7?

A

olfactory bulb

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31
Q

What is 8?

A

olfactory tract

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32
Q

What is 1?

A

caudate nucleus

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33
Q

What is 2?

A

putamen

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34
Q

What is 3?

A

globus pallidus

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35
Q

What is 1?

A

caudate nucleus

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36
Q

What is 4?

A

substantia nigra

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37
Q

What is 5?

A

subthalamic nuclei

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38
Q

What is 6?

A

hippocampus

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39
Q

What is 7?

A

amygdala

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40
Q

What is 8?

A

cingulate gyrus

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41
Q

What is 9?

A

mammillary bodies

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42
Q

What is 1?

A

caudate nucleus

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43
Q

What is 1?

A

caudate nucleus

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44
Q

What is 2?

A

putamen

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45
Q

What is 7?

A

amygdala

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46
Q

What is 4?

A

substantia nigra

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47
Q

What is 5?

A

subthalamic nuclei

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48
Q

What is 1?

A

thalamus

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49
Q

What is 2?

A

optic nerve

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50
Q

What is 3?

A

optic chiasm

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51
Q

What is 4?

A

optic tract

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52
Q

What is 5?

A

interthalamic adhesion

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53
Q

What is 6?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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54
Q

What is 7?

A

third ventricle

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55
Q

What is 8?

A

choroid plexus

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56
Q

What is 9?

A

infundibulum

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57
Q

What is 10?

A

pituitary gland

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58
Q

What is 11?

A

pineal gland

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59
Q

What is 1?

A

cerebral peduncle

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60
Q

What is 2?

A

crus cerebri

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61
Q

What is 3?

A

tegmentum

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62
Q

What is 4?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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63
Q

What is 5?

A

superior colliculus

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64
Q

What is 6?

A

inferior colliculus

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65
Q

What is 7?

A

fourth ventricle

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66
Q

What is 8?

A

middle cerebellar peduncles

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67
Q

What is 9?

A

pyramids

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68
Q

What is 10?

A

olive

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69
Q

what structures make up the cerebral cortex?

A

precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus, insular cortex

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70
Q

function of precentral gyrus

A

site of primary motor cortex, planning and execution of movement

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71
Q

function of postcentral gyrus

A

site of the primary somatosensory cortex, sense of touch

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72
Q

function of parieto-occipital sulcus

A

sulcus separating the occipital lobes from the parietal lobes

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73
Q

function of insular cortex

A

diverse functions including consciousness, taste, visceral sensation, empathy and self-awareness

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74
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

plan, initiate, enact movement including eye movement and speech, reasoning, projecting consequences

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75
Q

function of parietal lobes

A

sensory stimuli processing including comprehension of speech and spatial awareness

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76
Q

function of temporal lobes

A

encoding long term memory, language recognition and comprehension, facial recognition

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77
Q

function of occipital lobes

A

primary visual cortex

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78
Q

what is the corpus callosum?

A

commissural fibers between cerebral hemispheres

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79
Q

what is the anterior commissure?

A

commissural fibers between temporal lobes

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80
Q

what is the fornix?

A

commissural efferent fibers from the hippocampus

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81
Q

what is the internal capsule?

A

projection fibers including corticospinal fibers from cortex to motor neurons

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82
Q

what is the external capsule?

A

association fibers within the cerebral cortex

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83
Q

what is the choroid plexus?

A

capillaries and modified ependymal cells within ventricles that produce CSF

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84
Q

what are the basal ganglia?

A

interconnected subcortical nuclei that deal with action selection and decision making

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85
Q

putamen & globus pallidus

A

lentiform nucleus

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86
Q

lentiform nucleus & caudate nucleus

A

striatum

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87
Q

striatum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nuclei

A

basal ganglia

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88
Q

function of striatum

A

reward, motivation, inhibitory control, impulsivity

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89
Q

function of caudate nucleus

A

integration of spatial awareness and motor behavior, spatial working memory

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90
Q

function of putamen

A

planning, learning and executing motor skills, setting movement amplitudes and planning sequences

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91
Q

function of globus pallidus

A

subconscious movement, balancing excitatory output from cerebellum to smooth movement

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92
Q

function of substantia nigra

A

motor control, motor planning, reward-seeking, addition, anatomically part of midbrain

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93
Q

function of subthalamic nuclei

A

action selection and impulsivity (poorly understood), anatomically part of diencephalon

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94
Q

function of limbic system structures

A

deals with emotion, motivation, behavior, memory, olfaction, exact composition controversial

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95
Q

function of hippocampus

A

consolidating short term memory to long term memory

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96
Q

function of amygdala

A

emotional responses, memory processing, decision making

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97
Q

function of cingulate gyrus

A

emotion processing, linking outcomes to behavior

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98
Q

function of mamillary bodies

A

episodic (event & experiential) memory, anatomically part of the hypothalamus

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99
Q

function of hypothalamic nuclei

A

regulation of endocrine system, i.e. metabolism, reproduction, stress, etc.

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100
Q

structures of thalamus

A

optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tract, interthalamic adhesion, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, choroid plexus

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101
Q

function of optic nerves

A

visual afferents from retina

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102
Q

function of optic chiasm

A

sorting of left/right visual information

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103
Q

function of optic tract

A

projecting visual information to visual centers, e.g. superior colliculi

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104
Q

function of pituitary gland

A

hormonal control of growth, blood pressure, energy, reproductive function, stress, salt balance

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105
Q

function of pineal gland

A

circadian rhythm and melatonin production

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106
Q

function of posterior commissure

A

mediates bilateral pupillary reflex, poorly mapped connections

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107
Q

pineal gland & posterior commissure

A

epithalamus

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108
Q

structures of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, subthalamic nuclei, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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109
Q

structures of brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblangata

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110
Q

function of superior colliculus

A

spatially directed movements, e.g. eye and head movements

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111
Q

function of inferior colliculus

A

sound processing, startle response, spatial localization of sound

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112
Q

function of pons

A

respiration, sleep, hearing, equilibrium, taste, chewing, swallowing, involuntary movement, facial expressions

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113
Q

function of middle cerebellar peduncles

A

fibers connecting the cerebellum to the pons

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114
Q

function of medulla oblongata

A

autonomic regulation of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure

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115
Q

function of pyramids

A

decussation (crossing over) over pyramidal neurons from motor cortex

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116
Q

function of olive

A

sound localization, assist cerebellum with motor learning

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117
Q

What is 1?

A

frontal lobe

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118
Q

What is 2?

A

precentral gyrus

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119
Q

What is 3?

A

central sulcus

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120
Q

What is 4?

A

postcentral gyrus

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121
Q

What is 5?

A

longitudinal fissure

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122
Q

What is 6?

A

precentral gyrus

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123
Q

What is 7?

A

postcentral gyrus

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124
Q

What is 8?

A

parietal lobe

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125
Q

What is 9?

A

occipital lobe

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126
Q

What is 1?

A

precentral gyrus

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127
Q

What is 2?

A

central sulcus

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128
Q

What is 3?

A

postcentral gyrus

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129
Q

What is 4?

A

lateral sulcus

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130
Q

What is 5?

A

precentral gyrus

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131
Q

What is 1?

A

corpora quadrigemina

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132
Q

What is 2?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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133
Q

What is 3?

A

medulla oblongata

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134
Q

What is 4?

A

fornix

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135
Q

What is 5?

A

interthalamic adhesion

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136
Q

What is 6?

A

corpus callosum

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137
Q

What is 7?

A

interventricular foramen (56)

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138
Q

What is 8?

A

anterior commissure

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139
Q

What is 9?

A

hypothalamus

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140
Q

What is 10?

A

optic chiasm

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141
Q

What is 11?

A

septum pellucidum

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142
Q

What is 12?

A

thalamus

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143
Q

What is 13?

A

fornix

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144
Q

What is 14? (55)

A

choroid plexus (55)

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145
Q

What is 15? (14)

A

pineal gland (14)

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146
Q

What is 16?

A

patieto-occipital sulcus

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147
Q

What is 17? (the canal)

A

cerebral aqueduct

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148
Q

What is 18? (white pattern)

A

arbor vitae

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149
Q

What is 19?

A

pons

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150
Q

What is 1?

A

arbor vitae

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151
Q

What is 2?

A

vermis

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152
Q

What is 3?

A

fourth ventricle

153
Q

What is 4?

154
Q

What is 5?

155
Q

What is 6?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

156
Q

What is 1?

A

superior sagittal sinus

157
Q

What is 2?

A

straight sinus

158
Q

What is 3?

A

transverse sinus

159
Q

What is 4?

A

tentorium cerebelli

160
Q

What is 5?

A

inferior sagittal sinus

161
Q

What is 6?

A

falx cerebri

162
Q

What is 1?

A

superior sagittal sinus

163
Q

What is 2?

A

falx cerebri

164
Q

What is 3?

A

frontal lobe

165
Q

What is 4?

A

parietal lobe

166
Q

What is 5?

A

occipital lobe

167
Q

What is 6?

A

superior sagittal sinus

168
Q

What is 3?

A

anterior cerebral arteries

169
Q

What is 4?

A

corpus callosum

170
Q

What is 5?

A

lateral ventricles

171
Q

What is 6?

A

caudate nucleus

172
Q

What is 7?

A

septum pellucidum

173
Q

What is 8?

A

choroid plexus

174
Q

What is 9?

A

corpus callosum

175
Q

What is 10?

A

inferior sagittal sinus

176
Q

What is 11?

A

falx cerebri in longitudinal fissure

177
Q

What is 5?

A

caudate nucleus

178
Q

What is 6?

A

internal capsule

179
Q

What is 7?

A

external capsule

180
Q

What is 8?

A

lateral ventricle

181
Q

What is 9?

A

septum pellucidum

182
Q

What is 10?

183
Q

What is 11?

A

globus pallidus

184
Q

What is 12?

185
Q

What is 13?

A

insular cortex

186
Q

What is 14?

187
Q

What is 15?

A

choroid plexus

188
Q

What is 16?

A

lateral ventricle

189
Q

What is 1?

A

frontal sinuses

190
Q

What is 6?

A

caudate nucleus

191
Q

What is 12?

192
Q

What is 13?

A

pineal gland

193
Q

What is 14?

194
Q

What is 2?

A

orbit with adipose tissue

195
Q

What is 3?

A

superior rectus

196
Q

What is 4?

A

frontal lobe

197
Q

What is 5?

A

anterior cerebral arteries

198
Q

What is 6?

A

optic chiasm

199
Q

What is 7?

A

middle cerebral artery

200
Q

What is 8?

A

optic tract

201
Q

What is 9?

A

pituitary gland

202
Q

What is 10?

A

mamillary body

203
Q

What is 11?

A

crus cerebri

204
Q

What is 12?

A

midbrain tegmentum (substantia nigra and red nucleus)

205
Q

What is 13?

A

cerebral aqueduct

206
Q

What is 14?

207
Q

What is 15?

A

lateral ventricle

208
Q

What is 16?

A

straight sinus

209
Q

What is 17?

A

falx cerebri

210
Q

What is 18?

A

superior sagittal sinus

211
Q

What is 1?

212
Q

What is 2?

213
Q

What compartment is 3?

A

posterior segment

214
Q

What is 4?

A

lateral rectus

215
Q

What is 5?

A

optic nerve

216
Q

What is 6?

A

medial rectus

217
Q

What is 7?

A

ethmoid sinuses

218
Q

What is 8?

A

sphenoid sinuses

219
Q

What is 9?

A

internal carotid artery

220
Q

What is 10?

A

oculomotor nerve

221
Q

What is 11?

A

pituitary gland

222
Q

What is 12?

A

basilar artery

223
Q

What is 13?

224
Q

What is 14?

A

cerebral aqueduct

225
Q

What is 15?

226
Q

What is 16?

A

straight sinus

227
Q

What is 17?

A

falx cerebri

228
Q

What is 18?

A

superior sagittal sinus

229
Q

What is 19?

A

temporal lobe

230
Q

What is 20?

A

occipital lobe

231
Q

What is 5?

A

sphenoid sinuses

232
Q

What is 6?

A

temporal lobe

233
Q

What is 7?

A

internal carotid artery

234
Q

What is 8?

A

trigeminal nerve

235
Q

What is 9?

A

basilar artery

236
Q

What is 10?

237
Q

What is 11?

A

sigmoid sinus

238
Q

What is 12?

239
Q

What is 13?

A

right cerebellar hemisphere

240
Q

What is 14?

A

transverse sinus

241
Q

What is 15?

A

confluence of the sinuses

242
Q

What is 4?

A

temporal lobe

243
Q

What is 5?

A

internal carotid artery

244
Q

What is 6?

A

basilar artery

245
Q

What is 12?

246
Q

What is 13?

A

fourth ventricle

247
Q

What is 8?

A

internal carotid arteries

248
Q

What is 10?

A

external acoustic meatus

249
Q

What is 13?

A

medulla oblongata

250
Q

What is 12?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

251
Q

What is 1?

A

insular cortex

252
Q

What is 2?

A

trigeminal nerve

253
Q

What is 3?

A

optic nerve

254
Q

What is 4?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

255
Q

What is 5?

A

facial nerve

256
Q

What is 6?

A

abducens nerve

257
Q

What is 7?

A

hypoglossal nerve

258
Q

What is 8?

259
Q

What is 9?

A

spinal accessory nerve

260
Q

What is 10?

A

crus cerebri (16) of cerebral peduncle (III)

261
Q

What is 11?

A

trochlear nerve

262
Q

What is 12?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

263
Q

What is 13?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

264
Q

What is 14?

A

vagus nerve

265
Q

What is 15?

266
Q

What is 16?

A

optic tract

267
Q

What is 17?

A

middle cerebral artery

268
Q

What is 18?

A

internal carotid artery

269
Q

What is 19?

A

basal ganglia

270
Q

What is 1?

A

pituitary gland

271
Q

What is 2?

A

internal carotid artery

272
Q

What is 3?

A

posterior communicating artery

273
Q

What is 30?

A

ophthalmic nerve

274
Q

What is 31?

A

maxillary nerve

275
Q

What is 32?

A

mandibular nerve

276
Q

What is 4?

A

trigeminal nerve

277
Q

What is 5?

A

superior cerebellar artery

278
Q

What is 6?

A

labyrinthine artery

279
Q

What is 7?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

280
Q

What is 8?

A

basilar artery

281
Q

What is 9?

A

spinal accessory nerve

282
Q

What is 10?

A

hypoglossal nerve

283
Q

What is 11?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

284
Q

What is 12?

A

olfactory bulb

285
Q

What is 13?

A

olfactory tract

286
Q

What is 14?

A

optic nerve

287
Q

What is 15?

A

oculomotor nerve

288
Q

What is 16?

A

posterior cerebral artery

289
Q

What is 17?

A

trochlear nerve

290
Q

What is 18?

A

abducens nerve

291
Q

What is 19?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

292
Q

What is 20?

A

facial nerve

293
Q

What is 21?

A

vagus nerve

294
Q

What is 22?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

295
Q

What is 23?

A

vertebral artery

296
Q

What is 24?

A

anterior spinal artery

297
Q

What is 1?

A

cerebellar hemisphere

298
Q

What is 2?

299
Q

What is 3?

A

transverse fissure

300
Q

What is 4?

301
Q

What is 5?

302
Q

What is 6?

A

arbor vitae

303
Q

What is 7?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

304
Q

What is 8?

A

fourth ventricle

305
Q

What is 9?

A

median aperture

306
Q

What is 10?

A

lateral aperture

307
Q

What is 11?

A

central canal

308
Q

What is 1?

A

cervical enlargement

309
Q

What is 2?

A

lumbar enlargement

310
Q

What is 3?

A

conus medullaris

311
Q

What is 4?

A

film terminale

312
Q

What is 5?

A

cauda equina

313
Q

What is 6?

A

denticulate ligaments

314
Q

What is 1?

A

dorsal root

315
Q

What is 2?

A

ventral root

316
Q

What is 3?

A

dorsal rootlets

317
Q

What is 4?

A

ventral rootlets

318
Q

What is 5?

A

dorsal root ganglion

319
Q

What is 6?

A

spinal nerve

320
Q

What is 1?

A

dorsal root

321
Q

What is 2?

A

dorsal root ganglion

322
Q

What is 3?

A

ventral root

323
Q

What is 4?

A

posterior column (funiculus)

324
Q

What is 5?

A

lateral column (funiculus)

325
Q

What is 6?

A

anterior column (funiculus)

326
Q

What is 7?

A

anterior median fissure

327
Q

What is 8?

A

ventral horn

328
Q

What is 9?

A

lateral horn

329
Q

What is 10?

A

dorsal horn

330
Q

What is 11?

A

central canal

331
Q

What is 12?

A

spinal nerve

332
Q

What is 13?

A

gray commissure

333
Q

What is 14?

A

posterior median sulcus

334
Q

What is 1?

A

periosteal layer (of dura mater)

335
Q

What is 2?

A

meningeal layer (of dura mater)

336
Q

What is 5?

A

arachnoid mater

337
Q

What is 3?

A

falx cerebri

338
Q

What is 4?

A

tentorium cerebelli

339
Q

What is 6?

A

subarachnoid space

340
Q

What is 7?

341
Q

What is 1?

A

superior sagittal sinus

342
Q

What is 2?

A

inferior sagittal sinus

343
Q

What is 3?

A

straight sinus

344
Q

What is 4?

A

confluence of the sinuses

345
Q

What is 5?

A

transverse sinus

346
Q

What is 6?

A

sigmoid sinus

347
Q

What is 1?

A

vertebral artery

348
Q

What is 2?

A

anterior spinal artery

349
Q

What is 3?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

350
Q

What is 4?

A

posterior spinal artery

351
Q

What is 5?

A

basilar artery

352
Q

What is 6?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

353
Q

What is 7?

A

labyrinthine artery

354
Q

What is 8?

A

pontine arteries

355
Q

What is 9?

A

superior cerebellar artery

356
Q

What is 10?

A

posterior cerebral artery

357
Q

What is 11?

A

internal carotid artery

358
Q

What is 12?

A

posterior communicating artery

359
Q

What is 13?

A

middle cerebral artery

360
Q

What is 14?

A

anterior cerebral artery

361
Q

What is 15?

A

anterior communicating artery

362
Q

function of the cerebellum

A

smooth movements, helps resolve differences between planned movement with current body position

363
Q

What route does CSF take to get to the subarachnoid space?

A

either median or lateral aperture

364
Q

What route does CSF take to get to the spinal cord?

A

via the central canal

365
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

around L1 or L2

366
Q

Where do lumbar punctures occur?

A

usually between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5 to avoid damaging the spinal cord

367
Q

purpose of the dural sinuses

A

return blood and CSF to the internal jugular vein

368
Q

which arteries make of the Circle of Willis

A

anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, anterior and posterior communicating arteries, internal carotid arteries

369
Q

what does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

anterior spinal cord

370
Q

what does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

inferior cerebellum, medulla oblongata, choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

371
Q

what does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A

posterior spinal cord

372
Q

what does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

inferior cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

373
Q

what does the labyrnthine artery supply?

A

inner ear structures

374
Q

what do the pontine arteries supply?

375
Q

what does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

A

cerebellum, midbrain

376
Q

what does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

occipital and temporal lobes, thalamus, choroid plexus of lateral and 3rd ventricles, corpus callosum

377
Q

what does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

midbrain, frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

378
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

frontal and parietal lobes

Human Anatomy Lab (20 decks)

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