Anatomy Terminology, Body Organization, and Skeletal Intro Flashcards
1
Q
front, before
A
anterior
2
Q
back, behind
A
posterior
3
Q
back (posterior in humans)
A
dorsal
4
Q
belly side (anterior in humans)
A
ventral
5
Q
toward midline longitudinal axis
A
medial
6
Q
away from midline
A
lateral
7
Q
moving along a limb towards the torso attachment
A
proximal
8
Q
away from an attached base
A
distal
9
Q
above (toward head)
A
superior
10
Q
below
A
inferior
11
Q
towards the head (cranium)
A
cranial (or rostral)
12
Q
towards the tail
A
caudal
13
Q
located close to or on the body surface
A
superficial
14
Q
further beneath the body surface than superficial structures
A
deep
15
Q
separates anterior and posterior portions of body
A
frontal (coronal)
16
Q
passes through midline, dividing body into right and left halves
A
midsagittal (median)
17
Q
parallel to midsagittal (not on midline), right and left halves unequal
A
parasagittal
18
Q
separates superior and inferior portions of body
A
transverse
19
Q
head, neck and trunk region
A
axial
20
Q
limbs region
A
appendicular
21
Q
eye region
A
orbital
22
Q
cheek region
A
buccal
23
Q
mouth region
A
oral
24
Q
neck region
A
cervical
25
shoulder region
acromial
26
chest region
thoracic
27
arm pit region
axillary
28
arm region
brachial
29
anterior side of elbow region
antecubital
30
forearm region
antebrachial
31
thumb region (digit 1 of hand)
pollex
32
navel region
umbilical
33
abdomen
abdominal
34
junction of trunk and thighs
inguinal
35
genital region
pubic
36
thigh region
femoral
37
posterior side of knee region
popliteal
38
anterior knee region
patellar
39
lateral side of leg region
peroneal (fibular)
40
heel of foot region
calcaneal
41
sole of foot region
plantar
42
great toe region (1st digit of foot)
hallux
43
what does the dorsal body cavity contain?
cranial cavity (brain) & spinal cavity (spinal cord)
44
what does the ventral body cavity contain?
thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity
45
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
pleural cavities (contains lungs) & mediastinum
46
what does the mediastinum contain?
pericardial cavity (heart) & additional components (thymus, trachea, esophagus, and aorta)
47
what does the abdominopelvic cavity contain?
abdominal cavity (stomach, small intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, etc.) & pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, etc.)
48
what are the 3 serous membranes?
pericardium, pleurae, and peritoneum
49
longer than they are wide; have a diaphysis, epiphysis, and medullary cavity
long bone
50
boxlike with an outer surface of compact bone and a spongy bone interior
short bone
51
large surface area bones with thin, parallel layers of compact bone and spongy bone core
flat bone
52
complex shapes; short, flat, notched, or ridged surfaces
irregular bone
53
small, round, and flat; develop within tendons (a type of short bone)
sesamoid
54
small, flat, oddly shaped; formed between sutures of skull
sutural (wormian)
55
what are the 3 reasons bone markings exist?
1) sites for muscle, ligament or tendon attachment, 2) grooves and holes to allow passage of blood vessels or nerves, 3) articulations with other bones
56
a raised rough projection
tuberosity
57
prominent ridge
crest
58
large, blunt & rough projection
trochanter
59
small & rounded projection
tubercle
60
raised area on or above a condyle
epicondyle
61
a low ridge (less prominent than a crest)
line
62
any bone prominence
process
63
sharp, slender or pointed process
spine
64
expanded articular end of an epiphysis
head
65
small, flat articular surface
facet
66
rounded projection at the end of a bone
condyle
67
extension of bone making an angle to the rest of the structure
ramus
68
shallow depression
fossa
69
rounded opening or hole for blood vessels (and/or nerves)
foramen
70
canal leading through the bone
meatus
71
elongate cleft (narrow slit-like opening)
fissure
72
a furrow in the bone
groove
73
air-filled cavity
sinus
74
examples of long bones
most appendicular bones: humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, phalanges, clavicle
75
examples of short bones
wrist & ankle bones (carpals and tarsals)
76
examples of flat bones
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital skull bones, sternum, ribs, scapula
77
examples of irregular bones
vertebrae, pelvic bones (ileum, ischium, and pubis) maxilla, mandible, sphenoid, ethmoid
78
examples of sesamoid bones
patella
79
examples of sutural (wormian) bones
between sutures of skull
80
Name all the components of the gross anatomy of a long bone
