Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHA112 > Central Nervous System 1 > Flashcards

Central Nervous System 1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the central organ of the nervous system?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Brain & spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the surface anatomy include?

A
  • Cerebral hemispheres
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the average weight of a

  • new born?
  • adult human brain?
A
  • 350-400g

- 1300-1400g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of the CNS?

A
  • Form a communication network
  • Coordinates all the systems of body & allow to function
  • Integrates the info that it receives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do neurons receive messages from other neurons through?

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Carry message to neurons cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do axons do?

A

Carry outgoing messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A group of axons bundled together in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a nerve fascicle(fasciculus)?

A

Bundle of funicili

Funiculus (bundle of axons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a tract?

A

A group of axons bundled together in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Collection of neural cell bodies in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS (except basal ganglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 2 functions of a myelin sheath

A
  • Increases neuron efficiency

- Provides insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name two demyelinating diseases

A
  • Multiple sclerosis

- Guillain-Barre syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is white matter?

A

Bundle of axons each coated with a sheath of myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Masses of cell bodies and dendrites - each covered with synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the 3 types of nerve tracts

A
  • Association fibers
  • Commissural fibers
  • Projection fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the 3 groups nerves are categorised by based on direction of the signals

A
  • Afferent nerves (signals from sensory neurons to CNS)
  • Efferent nerves ( CNS to target muscles & glands)
  • Mixed nerves (both afferent & efferent axons)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the ascending/afferent pathway?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neurons projecting from the periphery toward the brain

21
Q

What is the descending/efferent pathway?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neurons projecting from brain toward periphery

22
Q

What does the dorsal root ganglia contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cell bodies of sensory neurons

23
Q

What does the dorsal horn contain?

Study These Flashcards
A

First point of synapse of sensory neurons

24
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

25
Name the two roots the spinal nerve branches into
- Anterior (ventral relays sensory info) | - Posterior (dorsal root relays motor info)
26
______ transport substances from cell body to axon terminal toward the ____ end of microtubule (______ transport)
Kinesin plus Anterograde
27
______ transport substances from the axon terminal to the cell body toward the ____ end of the microtubule (_____ transport)
Dyenin minus retrograde
28
What is the function of microtubules?
- Transport of nutrients, proteins & other important substances from neuron cell body to other parts of nerve cell
29
What do neurofibrillary tangles consist of ?
Insoluble twisted fibres
30
What does a synapse consist of?
- Presynaptic ending - Postsynaptic neuron - Synaptic cleft/space
31
Differences in ____ concentration on opposite sides of the membrane produce a _________ (______)
ion voltage difference membrane potential
32
What does the sum of EPSP & IPSP dictate?
Neuron gets depolarised/hyperpolarised
33
What is the function of the axon hillock?
Controls the firing of the neuron
34
What does a gate keeper or a sensor do?
Sums the total inhibitory & excitatory signals
35
If the sum of the signals exceeds a certain threshold what happens?
Action potential triggered & electrical signal transmitted down the axon away from cell body
36
List the 3 different types of neurons
- Sensory (signals from outer parts of body into CNS) - Motor ( signals from CNS to outer parts of body) - Interneurons (connect neurons within brain & spinal cord)
37
The ______ the nerve fiber the _____ information travels
thicker | faster
38
C-nerve fibers are unmyelinated/myelinated?
unmyelinated
39
What are sensory recptors?
Specialised endings of afferent neurons/seperate cells
40
List the functions of sensory receptors
- Detect & respond to physical/chemical stimuli | - Convert one form of energy into another (heat> electrical)
41
Many types of sensory receptors. | List what osmoreceptors, proprioceptors, polymodal receptors & nociceptors are
- Osmoreceptors: changes in osmotic pressure - Proprioceptors: joint position sense - Polymodal receptors: More than one type of stimulus - Nociceptors: damage/distortion of tissues
42
List the 3 types of membrane-bound receptors
- Ligand-gated ion channel (have a channel through which ions move inside & outside of cells) - GPCR receptors (act through both LGIC & enzyme-linked pathways) - Kinase-linked receptors (transmembrane receptors, binding of extracellular ligand causes enzymatic activity on intracellular)
43
What are nuclear receptors and where are they located?
Non-membrane bound receptors, located in nucleus of cells
44
When are nuclear receptors activated?
When ligand molecules enter the nuclear membrane e.g. estradiol
45
Are GABAA inhibitory/excitatory?
inhibitory
46
What is an autoreceptor?
Receptor located on the neuron and bind a specific ligand released by that same neuron
47
Are autoreceptors inhibitory/excitatory?
inhibitory
48
List autoreceptors
- dopamine D2 receptor - alpha 2a & alpha 2c adrenoreceptors - M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors - H3 receptors

PHA112 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions