Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

catabolic pathway or aerobic and anaerobic respiration with break down organic molecules and use eletron transport chain to produce ATP
-generates CO2, water, and ATP from glucose and O2

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

generates glucose and oxygen from light, water, and C02

Question 3

substrate lvl phosphorylation

Answer 3

enzyme transfers PO4 from organic substrate ADP-ATP

Question 4

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 4

energy stored as H+ gradietn across a membrane is used to make ATP (ATP synthesis)

Question 5

Stages of glucose breakdown

Glucose - pyruvate - acetysol

Answer 5

break down pyruvate, into acetyl-CoA and subsquent citric acid (krebs cycle)
eletron transport chain and ATP synthesis
O2 unavailable -anaerobic =fermentation

Question 6

Rebox reactions

Answer 6

oxidation (loss of e-) / reduction (gain of e-) reactions (ETC)

• often transfer H atoms
• NADH, NADPH, FADH2 common electron carries

Question 7

Chemiomosis

Answer 7

energy stored as H+ gradient across membrane to synthesis ATP

Question 8

Phosphorylation - substrate lvl

Answer 8

phosphate group picked up from another organic molecule (free enzyme)

Question 9

Phosphorylation- oxidative

Answer 9

ETC and chemiomosis (proton gradient in membrane)

Question 10

Glycolysis

Answer 10

harvesting chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate (doesnt need O2) and is universal for all life

• takes place in cytosol
• full oxidation of one glucose molecule nets 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 11

Kerbs cycle

Answer 11

pyruvate transported to mitochondria matrix - CO2 is removed and NADH is formed - coenzyme A is attached (2 acetyl CoA into cylce)

Question 12

Citric acid cycle

Answer 12

takes place in mitochondria matrix

-produced ATP, NADH, FADH2 and CO2 (2 released for every one acetly group)

Question 13

electron transport chain

Answer 13

• mitochondrial membrane
• NADH, FADH2
• loss of eletrons as they pass through, energy pumps H+ against gradient into intermembrane space, used by ATP synthesis to make ATP
• O2 is the terminal electron acceptor

Question 14

Fermentation occurs when ?

Answer 14

• after glycolysis when there is no O2 available

- the citric acid cycle and electron transport cannot take place in the absence of O2

Question 15

Fermentation Function

Answer 15

• allows NADH (from glycolysis) to dump its electrons and cycle back to glycolysis as NAD
  (basically it allows glycolysis to keep going)
  -> anaerobic alternative to aerobic respiration