Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Equation for cellular respiration

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ENERGY
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + water + energy

Question 2

What are the stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 2

Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

Question 3

How much ATP can one glucose molecule make?

Answer 3

36 ATP
Glycolysis: 2 ATP
Krebs cycle: 2 ATP
ETC and ATP synthase: 34 ATP

Question 4

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Answer 4

Takes place in two parts of the cell:
- Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
- Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Process by which 1 glucose molecule is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.
- ATP are added to glucose to energize it
- Glucose is used to make 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 NADH molecules
- 4 ATP are also made but there is only a NET production of 2 ATP (2 were used to start process)

Question 6

How many types of fermentation are there?

Answer 6

Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic Acid fermentation

Question 7

Equation for alcoholic fermentation

Answer 7

Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Question 8

Equation for lactic acid fermentation

Answer 8

Pyruvic acid + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD+

Question 9

Where does fermantation take place?

Answer 9

The cytoplasm

Question 10

Aerobic

Answer 10

With oxygen

Question 11

Anaerobic

Answer 11

Does not directly require oxygen

Question 12

Alcoholic fermantation

Answer 12

Pyruvate is converted to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
- Only occurs in yeast and a few other microorganisms
- PRODUCTS: Ethyl alcohol, carbon dioxide, energy

Used to produce alcoholic beverages and causes bread dough to rise

Question 13

Lactid acid fermantation

Answer 13

Enzymes convert pyruvate made during glycolysis to lactid acid.
- Occurs in most organisms, including humans.
- Can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds.

Question 14

How do living organisms obtain energy?

Answer 14

Cellular respiration

Question 15

How is glucose broken down?

Answer 15

Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm through the process of glycolysis.

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

Process by which NAD+ is regenerated.

Question 17

During the krebs cycle, where is pyruvate get transported to?

Answer 17

The mitochondrial matrix

Question 18

In the krebs cycle, what is pyruvate eventually converted to?

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide

Question 19

NAD+

Answer 19

An electron carrier molecule

Question 20

Cellular respiration

Answer 20

The process that harvests energy from glucose and turns it into ATP.

Question 21

What organisms does respiration take place in?

Answer 21

All organisms

Question 22

Purpose of respiration

Answer 22

To produce energy from food.

Question 23

Purpose of fermentation

This includes lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

Answer 23

To produce energy without oxygen.

Question 24

Pyruvate

Answer 24

What your body breaks glucose down into

Question 25

Metabolism

Answer 25

Process that changes food into a form that can be used by the body.

Question 26

Glucose

Answer 26

A sugar that plants, animals, and other organisms use as an energy source.

Question 27

Order of cellular respiration

Answer 27

Step 1: Glycolysis splits glucose to make pyruvate.

Step 2: The Krebs cycle uses pyruvate to make NADH.

Step 3: The ETC uses NADH to transport electrons and move H+.

Step 4: H+ pass through ATP synthase to make ATP.

Question 28

Mitochondria/Mitochondrion

Answer 28

“Mitochondrion” = single “mitochondria” = plural
A cellular organelle contained within a cell’s cytoplasm that uses various molecules (i.e. - glucose, oxygen, etc.) to produce the ATP necessary for cellular function.

Question 29

Mitochondria matrix

Answer 29

The innermost region of a mitochondrion.
By pumping protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space, a proton gradient is made for the production of ATP.

Question 30

How does the krebs cycle make NADH and ATP?

Answer 30

It uses pyruvate to make NADH and ATP

Question 31

ATP synthase

Answer 31

An enzyme that adds a third phosphate to ADP, creating ATP.

Question 32

How do H+ ions move into the matrix?

Answer 32

They pass through an enzyme called ATP synthase.

If there was no H+ gradient, no H+ would move through ATP synthase, and ATP would not be made.

Question 33

Where does the H+ come from that makes ATP synthase work?

Answer 33

The electron transport chain

Question 34

When is energy released from ATP?

Answer 34

When a phosphate group is removed