Cell Theory & Parts/ Cell Transport

Question 1

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 1

Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

EX: Bacteria

Question 2

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

Unicellular organism with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
Generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell.

EX: Humans, dog

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.

Question 4

Hypotonic

Answer 4

A solution whose concentration has more solvent than solute.

Water goes in

Question 5

Hypertonic

Answer 5

A solution whose concentration has more solute than solvent.

Water goes out

Question 6

Endocytosis

Answer 6

Taking material into the cell by means of surrounding and enclosing substances in the membrane.

Question 7

Exocytosis

Answer 7

Energy-requiring process by when a cell expels waste and secretes substances at the plasma membrane.

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm.

Resembles a double helix.

Question 9

Equilibrium

Answer 9

When the concentration of the substance on both sides of the cell membrane is the same.

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane.
The diffusion of water.

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

The movement of material against a concentration difference.
Molecules move across the membrane with the use of energy

Low concentration –> high concentration

Question 11

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 11

1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing
3. Cells come from previously existing cells

Question 12

Compound light microscope

Answer 12

Microscope that consists of a series of glass lenses and visible light to produce a magnified image.

Each lens in the series magnifies the image of the previous lens.

Question 13

Electron microscope

Answer 13

A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen.

Zooms in much further than a compound light microscope.

The specimen must be stained with heavy metal, dead, and sliced very thin.

Question 14

What is the different between animal and plant cells?

Answer 14

Plant cells: Have large central vacuoles, cell wall, chloroplasts. Square/box shape.

Animal cells: Has centrioles, typically smaller vacuoles. Ciruclar shape.

Question 15

Plasma/cell membrane

Answer 15

A selectively-permeable boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Composed of phospholipid bilayers.

Question 16

Cell wall

Answer 16

Provides support and protection for the cell. Lets plants stand.

ONLY FOUND IN PROKARYOTES, ALGAE, PLANTS, AND FUNGI!!!!!!!!

Question 17

Nucleus

Answer 17

Control center of the cell.
Contains DNA which contains genetic instructions for creating proteins/other molecules!

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

Found inside the nucleus
Produces ribosomes

Question 19

Nuclear membrane

Answer 19

Surrounds the nucleus
Allows materials in and out of the nucleus using nuclear pores

Question 20

Chromosone

Answer 20

Contains genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next (genes)
Located in the nucleus in the form of chromatin.

Shaped like an X

Question 21

Ribosome

Answer 21

Produces proteins by following instructions found in DNA.

Shape is squiggly lines.

Question 22

Golgi apparatus

Answer 22

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or ships them to a destination inside or outside the cell.

Shape is similiar to the Wi-Fi symbol.

Question 23

Lysosomes

Answer 23

Breaks down old cell parts and substances

In both plant and animal cells.

Round, circular, spherical.

Question 24

Centrioles

Answer 24

Helps organize cell division

Only in animal cells!!

Shaped like a tunnel made of plastic straws.

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that can be used by the cell

In animal and plant cells!!

Powerhouse of the cell.

Question 26

Vacuole

Answer 26

Temporary storage for materials like water, salt, protein, and carbohydrates

Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells!!

No definite shape

Question 27

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

Transports materials throughout the cell
Helps in protein synthesis
Two types.

Rough: Has embedded ribosomes
Smooth: No ribosomes

Resembles a pancake in shape.

Question 28

How come we stain cells when using a microscope?

Answer 28

Most living things are transparent, chemical dyes and stains add contrast to the image of the cell making cells and their parts easier to see.

Gist: Makes their parts easier to see.

Question 29

Wet mount slide

Answer 29

Way to prepare a slide for a microscope, a drop of water suspends a specimen between the slide and the cover slip.

Gist: It’s how you prepare the microscope, flattens it.

Question 30

What gives plants their green pigment?

Answer 30

Chlorophyll

Question 31

Isotonic

Answer 31

The term for a solution whose concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane

Water goes in and out

Question 32

Passive transport

Answer 32

Molecules move across the membrane without the use of energy

High concentration –> low concentration

Question 33

Concentration

Answer 33

The amount of substance in an area.

Question 34

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 34

Diffusion with the help of a protein.

Question 35

Osmotic pressure

Answer 35

Force exerted by the net movement of water out of or into a cell.

Differs depending on what type of solution cell is placed in

Question 36

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 36

Components of the cell membrane
A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule.

Question 37

Selectively permeable

Answer 37

Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control the movement of substances into or out of the cell.

Gist - some materials can pass through some can not.

Question 38

Receptor molecule

Answer 38

Proteins inside or outside a cell that recieve signals and are used for cell communication