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Biology Honors > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

ATP

A

A short-term storage form for energy

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2
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Adding phosphates to ADP

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3
Q

How ATP Releases Energy

A

A phosphate is ripped off, releasing the energy and turning it into ADP

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4
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organisms that do aerobic respiration (need oxygen)

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5
Q

Things Needed for Aerobic Respiration

A

Glucose and 6 oxygens

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6
Q

Things Produced by Aerobic Respiration

A

6 CO2s, 6H2Os, 36 ATP

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7
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organisms that do anaerobic respiration (no oxygen)(only bacteria)

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8
Q

Things Needed for Anaerobic Respiration

A

Glucose

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9
Q

Things Produced by Anaerobic Respiration

A

Lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and CO2, 2 ATP

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10
Q

Oxidation

A

When a molecule loses electrons or H atoms

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11
Q

Reduction

A

When a molecule gains electrons or H atoms

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12
Q

NAD+ / FAD

A

H acceptors (they work like taxis)

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13
Q

Isomer

A

Two molecules with the same chemical makeup but different structures

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14
Q

Isomerases

A

Enzymes that turn molecules into an isomer

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15
Q

Dehydrogenase

A

Remove hydrogens to FAD/NAD+

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16
Q

Hydrogenases

A

Add hydrogens to FAD/NAD+

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17
Q

Kinases

A

Add phosphate groups to ADP

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18
Q

Phosphatases

A

Take away a phosphate group from ATP

19
Q

Glycolysis

A

Splitting glucose in the cytoplasm into two molecules of pyruvic acid

20
Q

Things Needed for Glycolysis

A

One glucose and two ATP

21
Q

Things Made During Glycolysis

A

2 NADH, 4 ATP, 2 H2O, 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

22
Q

Fermentation

A

Prokaryotes/muscles way of using pyruvic acid

23
Q

Yeast and Bacteria Fermentation

A

Makes ethyl alcohol

24
Q

Bacteria and Muscle Fatigue Fermentation

A

Makes lactic acid

25
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

Switch hitters, do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration (ex. yeast)

26
Q

Obligate/Strict Anaerobes

A

They ONLY do anaerobic respiration

27
Q

Steps of Anaerobic Respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. fermentation
28
Q

Pyruvic Acid Breakdown

A

The pyruvic acid goes into the mitochondria’s intermembrane space, a CO2 gets taken out, an H gets taken away, a coenzyme a gets added, it becomes acetyl CoA

29
Q

Acetyl CoA

A

One of the end products of pyruvic acid breakdown

30
Q

End Products of Pyruvic Acid Breakdown (per pyruvic acid)

A

1 NADH, 1 CO2, 1 Acetyl CoA

31
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

A cycle in the matrix with the goal to create as many NADH’s and FADH’s as possible

32
Q

Outer Membrane

A

The outermost membrane of the mitochindria

33
Q

Intermembrane Space

A

The space in the mitochondria in between the two membranes

34
Q

Inner Membrane

A

The innermost membrane of the mitochondria (very foldey)

35
Q

Matrix

A

The innermost part of the mitochondria

36
Q

The Thing That Combines with Acetyl CoA at the Beginning of the Krebs Cycle

A

Oxaloacetate

37
Q

The Thing That Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate turn into in the Krebs Cycle

A

Citrate

38
Q

Things made in One Krebs Cycle Turn

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP, 2 CO2 (1 GTP)

39
Q

Cristae

A

The fold in the inner membrane

40
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Electron hot potato where negatively charged electrons get transported through the inner membrane by proteins and lose energy (energy is used for chemiosmosis)

41
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

H+’s move to create a concentration gradient and then go through ATP synthase to make ATP and then combine with oxygen at the end to form H2O

42
Q

Last Reciever of H in ETC

A

Oxygen

43
Q

End Products of Chemiosmosis and ETC

A

32 ATP, 6 H2O

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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