Biology as a Science/Tools of a Biologist Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we need the scientific method

A

It is a standard for scientific practices so we can be assured that everyone put in as much work as whats needed

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2
Q

Steps of the Scientific Method

A
  1. define the problem
  2. make a hypothesis
  3. test your hypothesis
  4. collect data
  5. analyze data and make a conclusion
  6. publish your experiment
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3
Q

Control Group

A

A standard set of data to compare your experiment to (ex. watering plants with water when experimenting with different liquids)

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4
Q

Positive Control Group

A

Something you know will already work better than standard

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5
Q

Experimental Group

A

The thing you are experimenting on

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6
Q

Negative Control

A

Something you know will work because it was always done that way but it doesn’t work as best as it could work

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7
Q

Variable

A

The thing that changes throughout the experiment

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8
Q

Independent Variable

A

The number varies but you control it

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9
Q

Dependant Variable

A

The number changes but nature controls it (your data)

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10
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

When no difference exists in the experimental group and the control group

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11
Q

Theory

A

An explanation for many different observations and explains may hypothesises but is not always true

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12
Q

Law

A

Something that it always true and has been seen over and over and over (law of gravity)

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13
Q

Meter to Micron/Micrometer

A

X 1,000,000

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14
Q

Meter to Millimeter

A

X 1,000

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15
Q

Meter to Centimeter

A

X 100

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16
Q

Kilometer to Meter

A

X 1,000

17
Q

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

A

“Invented” but really just improved single lense microscope

18
Q

Hans and Zaccharias Janssen

A

They were the ones who REALLY invented the single lense microscope, not Leeuwenhoek

19
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Invented the compound microscope

20
Q

How to Find the Magnification of Your Microscope

A

Multiply the objective and the eyepiece magnification

21
Q

Vital Stains

A

Do not harm live creatures, just stain them

22
Q

Lethal Stains

A

Kills the specimin

23
Q

Dissecting Scope/Zoom Scope

A

Allows you to view larger objects in 3D

24
Q

Phase-Contrast Microscope

A

You don’t need a stain

25
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope

A

100,000X magnification and is not for large objects because it blasts electron at the object

26
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

2D image at 250,000X, cannot view living things, blasts electrons at objects

27
Q

Centrifuge

A

Spins so fast that mixtures are separated based on density

28
Q

Chromatography

A

It separates the components of the thing tested based on solubility (ex. black markers)

29
Q

Spectrophotometry

A

Using light absorbance to determines subjects concentration

30
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Separates mixtures based apon size and charge in a gel-like substance