Cells

Question 1

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

Invented the first microscope

Question 2

Robert Hooke

Answer 2

Invented the compound microscope/named cells

Question 3

Robert Brown

Answer 3

Named the nucleus

Question 4

Schleiden

Answer 4

All plants are made of cells

Question 5

Schwann

Answer 5

All animals are made of cells

Question 6

Smallest Unit of Life

Answer 6

Cells

Question 7

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 7

ONLY BACTERIA they have a very simple structure and are very old

Question 8

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 8

Very complex and relatively new, plant and animals

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

The cellular control center, holds DNA

Question 10

Rough ER

Answer 10

Has ribosomes and is a place to assimilate proteins, right next to the nucleus and has ribosomes on it

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Synthesize proteins, has small and large part

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Makes copy of DNA and leaves through the nuclear pores to give info to the ribosomes

Question 13

Lumen

Answer 13

The inner part of the rough er

Question 14

Smooth ER

Answer 14

Lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, calcium storage

Question 15

Transport Vesicle

Answer 15

Fat bubble made out of membrane to move proteins around

Question 16

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 16

Stacks of sacs that are the “post office” for proteins (tell them where to go, fix them, send them places)

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Mostly water, surrounds organelles, place where chemical reactions take place

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL does cellular respiration

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

“Garbage can” for worn-out cell parts

Question 20

Peroxisome

Answer 20

Break down things (similar to lysosome) and makes hydrogen peroxide as a waste

Question 21

Autophagy/Autophagosomes

Answer 21

Gobbles up worn out things in the cell

Question 22

Apoptosis

Answer 22

Cell suicide

Question 23

Vacuoles

Answer 23

Vacuole:
Storage of stuff
Food Vacuole:
helps digest food
Contractile Vacuole:
Pumps water out of cell

Question 24

Cytoskeleton

Answer 24

Supporting structure of cell made of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments

Question 25

Microtubules

Answer 25

Part of cytoskeleton, made of tubulin protein, molecular motors

Question 26

Intermidiate Filaments

Answer 26

They anchor chromatin and are found in muscle, tissue, etc.

Question 27

Microfilaments/Actin Filaments

Answer 27

Made of actin protein, facilitate cyclosis

Question 28

Centrioles

Answer 28

Made of microtubules and facilitate cellular division

Question 29

Plastids

Answer 29

Luceoplasts and Chromoplasts are storage sites

Question 30

Cillia

Answer 30

Short little hairs in a 9+2 microtubule arrangement that moves the cell around

Question 31

Flagella

Answer 31

A long tail that moves the cell around (sperm) 9+2 microtubule arrangement

Question 32

Cell Membrane

Answer 32

Made of phospholipids and glycoprotein (facilitate diffusion) SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

Question 33

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 33

Connected to the cytoskeleton viz integrin proteins and they give support

Question 34

Endomembrane System

Answer 34

The organisms involved in protein synthesis, Nuleous, Ribosomes, ER, Lysosomes, Golgi, Transport Vesicle

Question 35

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells

Answer 35

Plant Cells Have: -cell wall -chloroplasts -one big vacuole Animal Cells Have: -centrioles -many small vacuoles

Question 36

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 36

Mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria and were eaten by other cells and assimilated into them

Question 37

Why Cells Are Small

Answer 37

They are more efficient and can get waste/nutrients out/in faster

Question 38

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Answer 38

Volume increases at a higher rate than the surface area

Question 39

Can Cross Cell Membrane Freely

Answer 39

-lipid-like molecules -small uncharged molecules

Question 40

Need Help to Cross Cell Membrane

Answer 40

-some small molecules -charged substances

Question 41

Can't Cross Cell Membrane

Answer 41

-large molecules

Question 42

Aquaporin

Answer 42

channels that facilitate water crossing the cell membrane

Question 43

Diffusion

Answer 43

Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration HIGH TO LOW WAY TO GO needs a concentration gradient (no energy)

Question 44

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 44

Needs a transport protein but doesn't require energy still needs a concentration gradient

Question 45

Osmosis

Answer 45

Diffusion of water (high to low OR low solute to high solute)

Question 46

Hypertonic

Answer 46

Contains more solute than something else

Question 47

Hypotonic

Answer 47

Contains less solute than something else

Question 48

Isotonic

Answer 48

Contains the same amount of solute as something else

Question 49

Lysed Cell

Answer 49

All the water rushed in because the cell was in a hypotonic environment and the cell gets blown up

Question 50

Crenated Cell

Answer 50

A shriveled cell because it was in a hypertonic environment and the water left

Question 51

Flacid

Answer 51

Normal plant cell (floppy)

Question 52

Turgid

Answer 52

Stiff with a lot of water (happiest state for plant)

Question 53

Shrivled

Answer 53

Shrivled plant cell because the water rushed out

Question 54

Active Transport

Answer 54

Moves materials LOW to HIGH and needs energy

Question 55

Endocytosis

Answer 55

Transporting things into a cell -pinocytosis -phagocytosis

Question 56

Pinocytosis

Answer 56

Uses a transport vesicle (nonspecific)

Question 57

Phagocytosis

Answer 57

Cell membrane wraps around thing coming in (non-specific)

Question 58

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 58

Bacteria uses proteins to get the cell to recognize it in order to get allowed into the cell

Question 59

Exocytosis

Answer 59

Moving things out of the cell