Cellular/prokaryotes patho Flashcards

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1
Q

Helibacter pylori stain

A

Gram neg. spiral

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2
Q

Helicobacter pylori causes

A

Peptic ulcers

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3
Q

Helicobacter pylori transmission

A

Fecal-oral route

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4
Q

Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis

A

Use flagella to swim through acidic stomach
-> mucus layer
-Produce urease: converts urea to ammonia
+ CO2
-Ammonia = basic
-Increases local pH
Colonizes mucus directly above epithelial

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5
Q

Peptic ulcers sign

A
  • Burning sensation in stomach
  • nausea/vomitting
  • blood in stool/ black stool
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6
Q

Peptic Ulcers Dx

A

Bx of tissue
Urea breath test
(Test increased CO2)

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7
Q

Peptic Ulcers Tx

A

Antibiotics + peto-bismol

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8
Q

Acid-fast rod

Slow grower

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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9
Q

Mycobacterium leprae causes

A

Leprosy

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10
Q

Mycobacterium leprae transmission

A

Unknown (droplet)

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11
Q

Mycobacterium leprae pathogenesis

A

Phagocytized by macrophages
-Mycobacterium leprae can survive inside
macrophages
-Mycobacterium leprae grow in tissue macrophages and cells of peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

Tuberculoid leprosy signs

A

Discolored regiosn of the skin

-loss of sensation

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13
Q

Tuberculoid leprosy signs

A

Possibke nodules

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14
Q

Lepromatous leprosy signs

A

Nodules
Lack of sensation in hands/feet
Deformation of digits
Tissue necrosis

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15
Q

Leprosy Dx

A

Bx

Acid fast stain

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16
Q

Leprosy Tx

A

Multidrug therapy

17
Q

Clostridium tetani produce

A

Endospores

18
Q

Clostridium tetani gram stain

A

Gram (+)

19
Q

Clostridium tetani is obligate anaerobe which means that will only grow in absence of

A

Oxygen

20
Q

Clostridium tetani causes

A

Tetanus

21
Q

Clostridium tetani transmission

A
  • Clostridium tetani endospores enter wound

- Contaminated object punctures skin

22
Q
  • In anaerobic conditions, endospores germinate into vegetative cells
  • Clostridium tetani vegetative cells produce tetanospasmin—strong neurotoxin
  • Enters CNS
  • Blocks nerve impulses to relax muscle contraction —- uncontrollable, sustained muscle contractions
  • Can progress to extreme case—back muscle spasms—head and heels bow backward (opisthotonos)
A

Clostridium pathogenesis

23
Q

Tetanus signs

A

Tightening of jaw muscles
Muscle spasms
Trouble swallowing
Opisthotonos

24
Q

Tetanus Dx

A

Examination of patient

25
Q

Tetanus Tx

A

Drugs to control muscle spasms
Metronidazole or Penicillin G
Human tetanus immunoglobulin