Cellular/prokaryotes patho Flashcards
Helibacter pylori stain
Gram neg. spiral
Helicobacter pylori causes
Peptic ulcers
Helicobacter pylori transmission
Fecal-oral route
Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis
Use flagella to swim through acidic stomach
-> mucus layer
-Produce urease: converts urea to ammonia
+ CO2
-Ammonia = basic
-Increases local pH
Colonizes mucus directly above epithelial
Peptic ulcers sign
- Burning sensation in stomach
- nausea/vomitting
- blood in stool/ black stool
Peptic Ulcers Dx
Bx of tissue
Urea breath test
(Test increased CO2)
Peptic Ulcers Tx
Antibiotics + peto-bismol
Acid-fast rod
Slow grower
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium leprae causes
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae transmission
Unknown (droplet)
Mycobacterium leprae pathogenesis
Phagocytized by macrophages
-Mycobacterium leprae can survive inside
macrophages
-Mycobacterium leprae grow in tissue macrophages and cells of peripheral nervous system
Tuberculoid leprosy signs
Discolored regiosn of the skin
-loss of sensation
Tuberculoid leprosy signs
Possibke nodules
Lepromatous leprosy signs
Nodules
Lack of sensation in hands/feet
Deformation of digits
Tissue necrosis
Leprosy Dx
Bx
Acid fast stain
Leprosy Tx
Multidrug therapy
Clostridium tetani produce
Endospores
Clostridium tetani gram stain
Gram (+)
Clostridium tetani is obligate anaerobe which means that will only grow in absence of
Oxygen
Clostridium tetani causes
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani transmission
- Clostridium tetani endospores enter wound
- Contaminated object punctures skin
- In anaerobic conditions, endospores germinate into vegetative cells
- Clostridium tetani vegetative cells produce tetanospasmin—strong neurotoxin
- Enters CNS
- Blocks nerve impulses to relax muscle contraction —- uncontrollable, sustained muscle contractions
- Can progress to extreme case—back muscle spasms—head and heels bow backward (opisthotonos)
Clostridium pathogenesis
Tetanus signs
Tightening of jaw muscles
Muscle spasms
Trouble swallowing
Opisthotonos
Tetanus Dx
Examination of patient
