Cells Ultra Structure Flashcards
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions occur and is where the first stage of respiration takes place
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
It controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains genetic material and controls cell activity
What is the function of mitochondria?
It is the site of respiration
What takes place in a ribosome?
Protein synthesis
What does chlorophyll in chloroplasts do?
Traps light for photosynthesis
What is the cell wall made from and it’s function?
It’s made from cellulose and is to give cells shape and support
What is in the vacuole?
Cell sap- salts and sugars
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole
What do plants and animal cells both have?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes
What is the cell membrane made out of?
Lipids and proteins
Describe the cell membrane in two points.
It’s selectively permeable and is composed of a lipid bilayer- lips and proteins
What is the definition of passive transport?
The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient, not requiring energy
What is the definition of active transport?
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration, a long a concentration gradient, until evenly spread
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration, along a concentration gradient, through a selectively permeable membrane until evenly spread
What is the function of proteins in the membrane?
Carries molecules across the membrane
What is genetic engineering?
When a gene is taken out and inserted into a plasmid, where it then reproduces to make a vast amount of the wanted product
Describe the process of genetic engineering in 8 steps
- Chromosome extracted and required gene identified
- Gene cut out with enzymes
- Plasmid extracted
- Plasmid cut open with enzymes
- Gene inserted into plasmid
- Plasmid inserted into bacterial “host” cell
- Bacterium grows and multiplies
- Mass produced by products of bacterium plasmid
State two advantages and two disadvantages of genetic engineering.
- Helps saves lives by preventing heredity genetics and diseases such as diabetes can be treated as insulin can be produced
- Food shortages won’t be common as crops can be modified to have higher yields and be harvested more than once a year
- It’s very costly
- Isn’t ethical and morally right
What do animal and plants cells become when placed in a hypertonic solution?
Animal- Shrink
Plants- Plasmolysed
What do animal and plants cells become when placed in a hypotonic solution?
Animal- Swell/Burst
Plant- Turgid
