Cells of Nervous System Flashcards
morphological divisions of nervous system?
central NS – brain + spinal cord
peripheral NS – nerves, receptors, ganglia
functional divisions of nervous system?
somatic – voluntary
autonomic – involuntary
Cells of the nervous system?
Neurons
- signalling
- cannot divide
Glia
- physical support, electrical insulation, metabolic support
- capable of mitosis
Shape of 4 types of neurons?
PNS
Motor neurons - cell body, axon, axon terminal
Sensory neurons – no dendrite, centre cell body
CNS
Interneurons – no projections + short axon
Projection neurons – long myelinated axon
4 Components of Neuron?
Dendrite
Cell Body
Axon
Synapse
Dendrite shape and function?
- tapered with large SA
- signal reception
Cell Body shape and function?
- RER, ribosomes, mitochondria
- signal integration, AM/FM conversion, protein synthesis
Axon shape and function?
- one, long branching
- convey info, transport protein
Synapse shape and function?
- electrical and chemical
- connects to postsynaptic neuron
4 Neuronal Stains?
Nissl stain (ribosomes of cell body)
Luxol fast blue (myelin)
Golgi Silver Stain (dendrites visible)
GFP labelled antibodies (whole neuron)
2 types of chemical synapses?
axon terminal (thicken of axon)
- release neurotransmitter onto postsynaptic
en passant boutons (thicken along axon)
- release neurotransmitter in extracellular space
most abundant neurotransmitters?
glutamate and GABA
type of electrical synapse?
gap junctions
- electrical signals pass through channel
4 types of glial cells?
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia
Astrocytes?
bring blood to neurons
- physical and metabolic support
- blood brain barrier
