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AQA AS Biology > Cells Arise From Other Cells > Flashcards

Cells Arise From Other Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mitotic index?

A

The percentage of cells undergoing mitosis or the ratio between the number of cells and the number of cells in interphase

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2
Q

What is step 1 in calculating mitotic index?

A

Count the number of cells undergoing mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase)

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3
Q

What is step 2 in calculating mitotic index?

A

Count the total number of cells in the field of view

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4
Q

What is step 3 in calculating mitotic index?

A

Use the formula: Mitotic index in % = number of cells undergoing mitosis / total number of cells viewed x 100

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5
Q

What is the mitotic index formula?

A

Mitotic index in % = number of cells undergoing mitosis / total number of cells viewed x 100

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6
Q

What is the order for mitosis?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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7
Q

What happens in Interphase?

A
  • DNA replicates- Organelles replicate- DNA is folded up in chromatin- Cannot see chromosomes
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8
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down- Chromosomes condense- Centrioles move to the poles
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9
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A
  • Double chromosomes line up on the equator- Spindle forms- Spindle attaches to centromeres
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10
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A
  • Centromeres split- Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
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11
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A
  • Nuclear membrane reforms- Cytokinesis- Two genetically identical cells are formed
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12
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

The division of the cytoplasm

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13
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division to form 2 genetically identical daughter cells

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14
Q

Why does mitosis happen?

A
  • For growth and repair
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15
Q

How many cells are formed as a result of mitosis?

A

2 daughter cells from 1 division

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16
Q

How many stages are there in mitosis?

A

4

17
Q

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

18
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell division

19
Q

How can cancer occur?

A

When one of the genes that controls mitosis mutates causing rapid uncontrolled division often forming a tumor

20
Q

What happens during cancer treatment?

A

Cancer treatment controls cell division by killing both normal and cancerous cells but because cancer cells divide more often more cancer cells are killed than normal cells

21
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Asexual reproduction of single celled organisms e.g. bacteria

22
Q

How does binary fission happen?

A

The circular loop of DNA replicates and moves to opposite ends of the cell, the plasmids then replicate and the cytoplasm splits to form two daughter cells each with a single copy of the circular loop of DNA.

AQA AS Biology (18 decks)

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