Cells and Tissues of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are glial cells?
Small non-excitable supporting cells
What are the four main parts of a neuron?
Dendrite, cell body, axon and synaptic terminals
What organelles are found in neurons?
Mitochondria, rER and diffuse Golgi apparatus
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
It increases the conduction speed in axons
Which cells form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
Which cells form the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
What happens to the myelin sheath in multiple sclerosis?
It becomes patchy and scarred affecting nerve conduction
What type of neuron are interneurons and motor neurons?
Multipolar
What type of neuron are olfactory mucosa and retinal nerve fibres?
Bipolar
What glial cells are found in the PNS?
Schwann cells and satellite cells
What glial cells are found in the CNS?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells
What is the function of the blood brain barrier?
It’s a protective mechanism that maintains a stable environment and stop harmful amino acids, ions and blood cells from entering the brain
What is the blood brain barrier made up of?
Endothelium, thick basal lamina and foot processes of astrocytes
Where do the lateral ventricles lie?
Cerebral hemispheres
Where does the 3rd ventricle lie?
In the cavity in the diencephalon
Which structure connect the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle?
Interventricular foramen
Where does the cerebral aqueduct lie?
Midbrain
Where does the 4th ventricle lie
Between the brainstem and cerebellum
In which space do the blood vessels that penetrate into the CNS lie?
Subdural space
Which space contains cerebrospinal fluid?
Subarachnoid
What are the three meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater
Where is CSF found?
Surrounding the brain and spinal cord, in the ventricles and in the central canal of the spinal cord
What is the function of CSF?
Maintenance of intracranial pressure
Where is CSF formed?
Choroid plexus
Where is CSF absorbed?
By arachnoid villi into the saggital sinus
Where does CSF circulate?
In the subarachnoid space
