Cells and Specialised Cells

Question 1

Name the subcellular structures in an animal cell

Answer 1

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes

Question 2

Name the subcellular structures in a plant cell

Answer 2

Nucleus. Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell wall, Large vacuole, Chloroplasts

Question 3

Name the subcellular structures in a bacterial cell

Answer 3

Chromosomal DNA, Flagellum, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Plasmid DNA

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 5

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

Answer 5

This is a gel- like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place. It contains enzymes that controls these chemical reactions.

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

It controls what goes in and out of the cell whilst holding it together.

Question 7

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 7

This is where most of the reactions for respiration take place.

Question 8

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 8

It provides a place for protein synthesis to take place.

Question 9

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 9

It supports the cell and strengthens it, it contains cellulose.

Question 10

What is the function of the large vacuole?

Answer 10

It maintains the internal pressure to support the cell and contains cell sap.

Question 11

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 11

It contains a green substance called chlorophyll and it provides a place for photosynthesis.

Question 12

What is the function of the chromosomal DNA in a bacterial cell?

Answer 12

It controls the cell’s activities and replication (it is not inside a distinct nucleus)

Question 13

What is the function of a flagellum?

Answer 13

It makes the bacterium move. It is used to move the bacteria away from harmful substances and beneficial things.

Question 14

What is the function of the plasmid DNA loops?

Answer 14

it contains genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria

Question 15

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 15

It is a cell that has a structure which makes them adapted to their function.

Question 16

What is the function of an egg cell?

Answer 16

It carries the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo?

Question 17

How is an egg cell adapted?

Answer 17

• it contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo
• it has a haploid nucleus
• after fertilisation its membrane changes structure to stop anymore sperm getting in. It means the offspring contains the correct amount of DNA.

Question 18

What is the function of a sperm cell|?

Answer 18

It transports the males DNA to the egg.

Question 19

How is a sperm cell adapted?

Answer 19

• a long tail to swim to the egg
• a lot of mitochondria to provide the energy needed to swim the distance
• it has an acrosome in the head, where it stores enzymes needed to digest it way through the membrane of the egg cell
• it has a haploid nucleus.

Question 20

What is the function of a ciliated epithelial cell?

Answer 20

It is to move the substances, the cilia moves the substances in one direction, along the surface of the tissue.

Question 21

What is the difference between an egg cell and other cells?

Answer 21

An egg cell is much larger than other cells