Cells And Control Flashcards
What is the cell cycle?
A series of steps that the cell has to undergo in order to divide
What does mitosis produce?
2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells, each with identical sets of chromosomes to the parent cell
What is cell division by mitosis important for?
Growth and development
Why is mitosis a vital part of asexual reproduction?
Type of reproduction that only involves one organism, so to produce offspring it simply replicates its own cells
What are the 5 stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What is interphase?
The longest stage of the cell cycle that involves cell growth
What is a chromosome?
A linear DNA molecule tightly coiled around proteins
Outline prophase
-DNA condenses, chromosomes become visible
-nuclear membrane disappears
Outline metaphase
Chromosomes line up along the cell equator
Outline anaphase
-spindle fibres attach to each chromosome
Outline telophase.
-Nucleus of the cell divides
-New membrane forms around each set if chromosomes
What does cytokines involve?
-division of the cell membrane and cytoplasm
-two genetically identical ‘daughter’ cells produced
What is cancer?
-non-communicable
-uncontrolled cell division results in the formation of a primary tumour
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells that can differentiate into a range of different cell types
What does differentiation mean?
The process by which stem cells become specialised ( have a specific function)