C6: Groups In The Periodic Table

Question 1

How are elements arranged in the
periodic table?

Answer 1

• ordered in increasing atomic number
• groups have same number of outer shell electrons
• periods have same number of electron shells

Question 2

How many electrons are in the outer shell of group 1?

Answer 2

One

Question 3

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 3

They have the same number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 4

What group are the alkali metals?

Answer 4

Group 1

Question 5

What are the 2 properties and 1 element of alkali metals?

Answer 5

• low melting points, soft
• react with water to form alkaline solutions

Question 6

Why should alkali metals be stored in oil?

Answer 6

To prevent them reacting with water vapour and oxygen in the air

Question 7

What group are the halogens in and why?

Answer 7

Group 7 because they have 7 outer shell electrons

Question 8

What is the colour and state of chlorine at room temperature?

Answer 8

Pale green gas

Question 9

What is the colour and state of bromine at room temperature?

Answer 9

Red-brown liquid

Question 10

What is the colour and state of iodine at room temperature?

Answer 10

Black solid

Question 11

What happens to halogens as you go down the group?

Answer 11

Melting and boiling point increases

Question 12

Why does melting and boiling point increase down group 7?

Answer 12

Molecules get bigger down the group so there are more intermolecular forces to overcome during melting/ boiling so more energy is required

Question 13

What is the chemical test for chlorine?

Answer 13

Damp litmus paper placed into a test tube of gas, if chlorine is present, the litmus paper will turn red them white due to the bleaching effect if chlorine

Question 14

What is produced when a halogen reacts with a metal?

Answer 14

Metal halide salt

Question 15

Describe the trend in reactivity of the halogens and how does this affect the rate of reaction?

Answer 15

• reactivity decreases down group 7
• rate of reaction decreases down group 7

Question 16

What is formed when a hydrogen reacts with a halogen?

Answer 16

Hydrogen halides

Question 17

When does a halogen displacement reaction occur?

Answer 17

When a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution to its halide

Question 18

What colours are solutions of chlorine, bromine and iodine?

Answer 18

Chlorine water - colourless
Bromine water - orange
Iodine solution - brown

Question 19

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 19

A reaction where oxidation and reduction take place at the same time

Question 20

Bromine reacts with potassium iodide, what is reduced and what is oxidised?

Answer 20

• Bromine is reduced to bromide ions
• Iodide ions are oxidised to iodine

Question 21

What is the name used to describe the elements in group 0 of the periodic table?

Answer 21

Noble gases

Question 22

How many electrons do the noble gases have in their outer shell?

Answer 22

0, no incomplete shells of electrons

Question 23

What properties of helium makes it suitable for use in balloons?

Answer 23

It is less dense than air and doesn’t burn

Question 24

Why is argon used to fill electric light bulbs?

Answer 24

It is very chemically inert so will not react when the light bulb gets hot (non-flammable)

Question 25

What is the trend in boiling points down group 0?

Answer 25

Boiling point increases down group 0 because the relative atomic mass increases so there are more intermolecular forces between atoms

Question 26

What is the trend in density down group 0?

Answer 26

Density increases down the group, helium is the least dense and radon is the most dense