B8: Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Respiration

Question 1

what is respiration?

Answer 1

-where cells release energy
-carried out in mitochondria in all cells
-controlled by enzymes
-takes place in plants and animals

Question 2

aerobic respiration equation:

Answer 2

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 3

what’s the definition of aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

respiration in the presence of oxygen

Question 4

what’s the definition of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 4

respiration in the absence of oxygen

Question 5

what type of respiration does not break down glucose completely?

Answer 5

anaerobic

Question 6

do plants form lactic acid?

Answer 6

no but they form ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 7

what do red blood cells do?

Answer 7

carry oxygen

Question 8

what do white blood cells do?

Answer 8

fight infection (involved in immune system)
- have nucleus

Question 9

what do platelets do?

Answer 9

clot blood

Question 10

what is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 10

where energy is transferred to the surroundings

Question 11

what is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 11

where energy is taken from the surroundings

Question 12

what do muscle cells store glucose as?

Answer 12

carbohydrate -> glycogen

Question 13

what does a double circulatory system do? (heart)

Answer 13

it carried blood from the heart to the lungs and back again

Question 14

what are the two circuits of the heart?

Answer 14

Pulmonary- transports blood to the lungs
Systemic- transports blood around the body

Question 15

what is stroke volume?

Answer 15

volume of blood pushed into the aorta in each beat (measured in litres)

Question 16

what is cardiac output?

Answer 16

volume of blood pushed into the aorta each minute

Question 17

cardiac output equation:

Answer 17

cardiac output (litres/mins) = stroke volume (litres/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)

Question 18

What does the circulatory system do and what is it made up of?

Answer 18

• pumps blood around the body delivering glucose and oxygen to cells
• made up of blood, blood vessels and the heart

Question 19

What does plasma carry?

Answer 19

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets
• dissolved substances

Question 20

What does blood plasma do?

Answer 20

Transports all the blood cells and other substances around the body

Question 21

What are the adaptations of red blood cells?

Answer 21

• biconcave discs = large surface area for diffusion
• haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
• no nucleus = more space for haemoglobin

Question 22

What are the 2 types of white blood cells and what do they do?

Answer 22

• Lymphocytes form antibodies against micro-organisms.
• Phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses.

Question 23

How is blood transported?

Answer 23

• arteries
• veins
• capillaries

Question 24

What do arteries do and what are their adaptations?

Answer 24

• carries blood away from the heart to the organs
• Thick Walls
• Small Lumen
• Thick layer of Muscle
• Thick layer of Elastic Fibres

Question 25

What do veins do and what are their adaptations?

Answer 25

• carries blood towards the heart from the organs
• Thin Walls
• Large Lumen
• Often have Valves– this prevents the backflow of blood.

Question 26

What is the heart?

Answer 26

An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
- special type of muscle called cardiac muscle with its own blood supply