B8: Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Respiration Flashcards
what is respiration?
-where cells release energy
-carried out in mitochondria in all cells
-controlled by enzymes
-takes place in plants and animals
aerobic respiration equation:
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
what’s the definition of aerobic respiration?
respiration in the presence of oxygen
what’s the definition of anaerobic respiration?
respiration in the absence of oxygen
what type of respiration does not break down glucose completely?
anaerobic
do plants form lactic acid?
no but they form ethanol and carbon dioxide
what do red blood cells do?
carry oxygen
what do white blood cells do?
fight infection (involved in immune system)
- have nucleus
what do platelets do?
clot blood
what is an exothermic reaction?
where energy is transferred to the surroundings
what is an endothermic reaction?
where energy is taken from the surroundings
what do muscle cells store glucose as?
carbohydrate -> glycogen
what does a double circulatory system do? (heart)
it carried blood from the heart to the lungs and back again
what are the two circuits of the heart?
Pulmonary- transports blood to the lungs
Systemic- transports blood around the body
what is stroke volume?
volume of blood pushed into the aorta in each beat (measured in litres)
what is cardiac output?
volume of blood pushed into the aorta each minute
cardiac output equation:
cardiac output (litres/mins) = stroke volume (litres/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)
What does the circulatory system do and what is it made up of?
- pumps blood around the body delivering glucose and oxygen to cells
- made up of blood, blood vessels and the heart
What does plasma carry?
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
- dissolved substances
What does blood plasma do?
Transports all the blood cells and other substances around the body
What are the adaptations of red blood cells?
- biconcave discs = large surface area for diffusion
- haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
- no nucleus = more space for haemoglobin
What are the 2 types of white blood cells and what do they do?
- Lymphocytes form antibodies against micro-organisms.
- Phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses.
How is blood transported?
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
What do arteries do and what are their adaptations?
- carries blood away from the heart to the organs
- Thick Walls
- Small Lumen
- Thick layer of Muscle
- Thick layer of Elastic Fibres
What do veins do and what are their adaptations?
- carries blood towards the heart from the organs
- Thin Walls
- Large Lumen
- Often have Valves– this prevents the backflow of blood.
What is the heart?
An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system
- special type of muscle called cardiac muscle with its own blood supply
