B7: Hormones Flashcards
what is homeostasis?
the maintenance of the internal body conditions
what hormones are transported throughout the body?
blood plasma -> liquid part of the blood
blood glucose concentration is decreased by…
insulin released from the pancreas
what is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
pancreas cannot produce insulin
what is the cause of type 2 diabetes?
pancreas does not produce enough insulin OR cells become resistant to insulin
what are the control variables of type 2 diabetes?
-BMI/ weight
-age
-gender
-diet
how can you control your diet to help treat type 2 diabetes?
-reduce carbohydrate levels
-make sure blood glucose levels don’t rise too high
BMI calculation:
Mass/height2
days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle
uterus lining is shed
days 1-14 of the menstrual cycle
uterus lining thickens as oestrogen levels rise and the egg matures
day 14 of the menstrual cycle
ovulation
-the release of an egg
after day 14 of the menstrual cycle
-if egg is fertilised it implants in the uterus lining
-progesterone levels rise to maintain uterus lining
if the egg is not fertilised…
-progesterone levels fall
-uterus lining breaks down
what are the male and female sex chromosomes?
MALE- xy
FEMALE- xx
what do endocrine glands do?
make and secrete hormones into the body
how many days is the menstrual cycle
approximately 28 days
what two hormones are released by the pituitary gland?
FSH- stimulates eggs to mature in ovaries (triggers rise in oestrogen)
LH- trigger’s ovulation
why is glucose important?
vital for respiration, allows the body to release energy
what happens if blood glucose becomes too high?
it can lead to damage to cells and organs
Where is FSH released, what does it stimulate and trigger?
Pituitary gland, stimulates eggs to mature in ovaries, triggers rise in oestrogen
Where is oestrogen released, what does it cause and trigger?
Ovaries, causes lining of uterus to thicken, triggers rise in LH
Where is LH released, what does it trigger?
Pituitary gland, triggers ovulation (day 14)
What does progesterone cause levels to do?
Levels rise after day 14 of menstrual cycle and continues to rise till day 23 and then falls
What happens if progesterone levels fall after day 23?
Woman is not pregnant
What happens to the uterus lining if the woman is pregnant?
Thickens, progesterone levels are maintained, embryo embeds in the lining
